Provisional Government of National Defence

Provisional Government of National Defence
Προσωρινή Κυβέρνηση Εθνικής Αμύνης
Κράτος της Θεσσαλονίκης
1916–1917
Flag of State of Thessaloniki
Flag
Location of State of Thessaloniki
StatusVenizelist-dominated government (recognized by the Triple Entente in December 1916 as the lawful Greek government)
CapitalThessaloniki
Common languagesGreek language
Religion
Greek Orthodox
GovernmentProvisional government, Venizelist state
Prime Minister 
• 1916-17
Eleftherios Venizelos
Triumvirate of National Defence 
• 1916-17
Eleftherios Venizelos
Pavlos Kountouriotis
Panagiotis Danglis
Historical eraWorld War I
National Schism
17 August 1916
• Abdication of Constantine I
29 May 1917
CurrencyGreek drachma (₯)
French franc
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Kingdom of Greece
Kingdom of Greece

The Provisional Government of National Defence (Greek: Προσωρινή Κυβέρνηση Εθνικής Αμύνης, romanized'Prosoriní Kyvérnisi Ethnikís Amýnis), also known as the State of Thessaloniki (Κράτος της Θεσσαλονίκης), was a parallel administration, set up in the city of Thessaloniki by former Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos and his supporters during World War I, in opposition and rivalry to the official royal government in Athens.

The establishment of this second Greek state had its origins in the debate over Greece's entry into the war on behalf of the Entente, as advocated by Venizelos, or a Germanophile neutrality as preferred by King Constantine I. This dissension soon began to divide Greek society around the two leaders, beginning the so-called "National Schism". In 17 August 1916,[1] as parts of eastern Macedonia were not defended by the royal government against a Bulgarian invasion, Venizelist officers of the Hellenic Army launched an Entente-supported coup in Thessaloniki. After a brief hesitation, Venizelos and his principal supporters joined the uprising and began the establishment of a second Greek government in the north of the country, which entered the war on the side of the Entente. The National Defence government endured until 29 May 1917, when the Entente powers forced Constantine I to abdicate, and allowed Venizelos to return to Athens as Prime Minister of a unified country. Nevertheless, the establishment of the National Defence government deepened the rift of the National Schism, which would plague Greek political life for over a generation, and contribute to the Asia Minor Catastrophe.

  1. ^ Note: Greece officially adopted the Gregorian Calendar on 16 February 1923 (which became 1 March). All dates prior to that, unless specifically denoted, are Old Style.

Provisional Government of National Defence

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