Back Psigoanalise AF Psychoanalyse ALS تحليل نفسي Arabic تحليل نفسى ARZ মনোবিশ্লেষণ AS Sicoanálisis AST Psixoanaliz AZ سایکوآنالیتیک AZB Psychoanalyse BAR Псіхааналіз BE
 The words Die Psychoanalyse in Sigmund Freud's handwriting, 1938 | |
| ICD-9-CM | 94.31 |
|---|---|
| MeSH | D011572 |
| Part of a series of articles on |
| Psychoanalysis |
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Psychoanalysis[i] is a therapeutic method and field of research developed by Sigmund Freud. Founded in the early 1890s, initially in co-operation with Josef Breuer and others' clinical research,[1] he continued to refine and develop theory and practice of psychoanalysis until his death in 1939. It conceptualizes the human psyche as consisting of three primary instances: the id (a set of innate needs), the ego (perception; conscious control of behaviour), and the superego (socialising imprinting; conscience), which interact to satisfy the instinctive needs. Creation and transmission of civilisation (technologies, medical knowledge, art e.g.) serves this biological processes of self-preservation and reproduction.
The theory also includes insights into the effects of traumatic experiences and a method for bringing repressed content into the consciousness, particularly through the diagnostic interpretation of dreams.[ii][iii] Psychoanalysis focuses on exploring the unconscious part of the human soul - the "Dark Continent" - to understand and treat mental disorders, and is built upon four cornerstones: the assumption of unconscious mental processes, the recognition of repression and resistance, the emphasis on the role of sexuality, and the concept of the Oedipus complex.[2]
Using similar psychoanalytical terms, Freud’s earlier colleagues Alfred Adler and Carl Jung developed their own therapeutic methods: individual psychology and analytical psychology. Freud criticized their approaches and firmly rejected them as forms of psychoanalysis.[3] Later Freudian thinkers like Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, and Harry Stack Sullivan expanded psychoanalysis in various directions.[4] Jacques Lacan’s work is seen as a revival of Freud’s original ideas:[5] it describes Freuds metapsychology as a ‘technical elaboration’ of the three-instance model, concerning in particular with the logical structure of the symbolic language of the unconscious.[6][7]
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- ^ Mitchell, Juliet. 2000. Psychoanalysis and Feminism: A Radical Reassessment of Freudian Psychoanalysis. London: Penguin Books. p. 341.
- ^ Mitchell, Juliet. 2000. Psychoanalysis and Feminism: A Radical Reassessment of Freudian Psychoanalysis. London: Penguin Books. p. 343.
- ^ Freud S (1966). On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 5.
- ^ Birnbach, Martin. 1961. ‘‘Neo-Freudian Social Philosophy’’. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 3.
- ^ Julien P (1995). Jacques Lacan's Return to Freud. New York University Press. doi:10.18574/nyu/9780814743232.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-8147-4323-2.
- ^ Lacan J. Freud’s Papers on Technique (Seminar of Jacques Lacan). Jacques Alain.
- ^ Gasperoni, John. “The Unconscious Is Structured Like a Language.” Qui Parle, vol. 9, no. 2, Spring/Summer 1996, pp. 77–104.