Back Offentlig undersøgelse Danish دادگاه تحقیق FA Enquête publique French ועדת חקירה HE Penyidikan publik ID 공개조사 Korean Openbaar onderzoek Dutch Public inquiry SIMPLE Statlig utredning Swedish
A public inquiry, also known as a tribunal of inquiry, government inquiry, or simply inquiry, is an official review of events or actions ordered by a government body. In many common law countries, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and Canada, such an inquiry differs from a royal commission in that a public inquiry accepts evidence and conducts its hearings in a more public forum and focuses on a more specific occurrence. Interested members of the public and organisations may make (written) evidential submissions, as is the case with most inquiries, and also listen to oral evidence given by other parties.
Typical events for a public inquiry are those that cause multiple deaths, such as public transport crashes or mass murders.
Advocacy groups and opposition political parties are likely to ask for public inquiries for all manner of issues. The government of the day typically only accedes to a fraction of these requests. The political decision whether to appoint a public inquiry into an event was found to be dependent on several factors. The first is the extent of media coverage of the event; those that receive more media interest are more likely to be inquired. Second, since the appointment of a public inquiry is typically made by government ministers, events that involve allegations of blame on the part of the relevant minister are less likely to be investigated by a public inquiry.[1] Third, a public inquiry generally takes longer to report and costs more on account of its public nature. When a government refuses a public inquiry on some topic, it is usually on at least one of these grounds.
The conclusions of the inquiry are delivered in the form of a written report, given first to the government, and soon after made public. Reports usually make recommendations to improve the quality of government or management of public organisations in the future. A 2016 study found that the reports of public inquiries are not effective in changing public opinion regarding the event in question.[2] Empirical studies do not find support for the claim that appointing a public inquiry leads to a decline in media attention to the inquired issue.[3][4] Public inquiry reports appear to enjoy public trust only when they are critical of a government, and tend to lose credibility when they find no fault on the part of the government.[5]
- ^ Sulitzeanu-Kenan, R. 2010. Reflection in the Shadow of Blame: When do Politicians Appoint Commissions of Inquiry?, British Journal of Political Science 40(3): 613-634 Archived 28 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Sulitzeanu-Kenan, R & Y. Holzman-Gazit. 2016. Form and Content: Institutional Preferences and Public Opinion in a Crisis Inquiry, Administration & Society 48(1): 3-30 Archived 23 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Sulitzeanu-Kenan, R. (1 October 2007). "Scything the grass: agenda-setting consequences of appointing public inquiries in the UK. A longitudinal analysis". Policy & Politics. 35 (4): 629–650. doi:10.1332/030557307782452985. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ Sulitzeanu-Kenan, R. (30 June 2020). "Blame Avoidance and Crisis Inquiries". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1591. ISBN 978-0-19-022863-7. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ Sulitzeanu-Kenan, Raanan (2006). "If They Get It Right: An Experimental Test of the Effects of the Appointment and Reports of UK Public Inquiries". Public Administration. 84 (3): 623–653. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9299.2006.00605.x.