First stage of the Silurian
In the geologic timescale , the Rhuddanian is the first age of the Silurian Period and of the Llandovery Epoch. The Silurian is in the Paleozoic Era of the Phanerozoic Eon .[ 9] The Rhuddanian Age began 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma and ended 440.8 ± 1.2 Ma (million years ago). It succeeds the Hirnantian Age (the last age of the Ordovician Period) and precedes the Aeronian Age.[ 10]
^ Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . 93 (02): 135–154. doi :10.1017/S0263593300000377 .
^ Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology . 195 (1): 99–124. doi :10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3 .
^ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF) . International Commission on Stratigraphy . September 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2024 .
^ Lucas, Spencer (6 November 2018). "The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review" . Frontiers in Earth Science . 6 : 191. Bibcode :2018FrEaS...6..191L . doi :10.3389/feart.2018.00191 .
^ Holland, C. (June 1985). "Series and Stages of the Silurian System" (PDF) . Episodes . 8 (2): 101–103. doi :10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005 . Retrieved 11 December 2020 .
^ "Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point" . International Commission of Stratigraphy. Retrieved 3 August 2024 .
^ "Silurian Telychian and Aeronian stage GSSPs have been relocated" . stratigraphy.org . International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 1 March 2024 .
^ Štorch, Petr. "Formal proposal for a new Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Aeronian Stage at Hlásná Třebaň, Czech Republic" (PDF) . International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 16 April 2024 .
^ Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Smith, Alan G. (2004). A Geologic Time Scale 2004 . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521786737 .
^ "GSSP Table - All Periods" . International Commission on Stratigraphy . Retrieved 15 September 2018 .