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Founded | 28 November 1984[11] | ||||||
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Commenced operations | 8 July 1985 | ||||||
Parent company | Ryanair Holdings PLC | ||||||
Headquarters | Swords, Dublin, Ireland | ||||||
Key people | Eddie Wilson (Ryanair DAC CEO) | ||||||
Founders | Christopher Ryan | Tony Ryan | Liam Lonergan |
Ryanair is an Irish ultra low-cost carrier group headquartered in Swords, Dublin, Ireland.[12] The parent company Ryanair Holdings plc includes subsidiaries Ryanair DAC ,[13] Malta Air, Buzz, Lauda Europe and Ryanair UK. Ryanair DAC, the oldest airline of the group, was founded in 1984.[11] Ryanair Holdings was established in 1996 as a holding company for Ryanair with the two companies having the same board of directors and executive officers.[14] In 2019 the transition began from the airline Ryanair and its subsidiaries into separate sister airlines under the holding company.[15] Later in 2019, Malta Air joined Ryanair Holdings.[16]
Ryanair has been characterised by its rapid expansion, a result of the deregulation of the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 and the success of its low-cost business model. The group operates more than 500 planes.[17] Its route network serves over 40 countries in Europe, North Africa (Morocco and the Middle East (Israel, Jordan and Turkey).[18] The primary operational bases are at Dublin, London Stansted and Milan Bergamo airports.[19] Ryanair is Ireland's biggest airline[20] and in 2016 became the world's largest airline by scheduled international passengers.[21] Almost all the group's fleet are Boeing 737s.
The company has at times been criticised for its refusal to issue invoices for the VAT-exempt services it provides (airfares),[22] poor working conditions,[23][24][25] heavy use of extra charges,[26][27][28] poor customer service,[29][30] and tendency to intentionally generate controversy in order to gain publicity.[31][32][33]
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