Science and technology in China

Building infrastructure has been a major task for Chinese engineering during the past decades. This is the 32.5-kilometre (20.2 mi) Donghai Bridge, connecting mainland Shanghai to the offshore Yangshan Port – one part of the Port of Shanghai, the world's busiest container port.

Science and technology in China have developed rapidly since the 1980s to the 2020s, with major scientific and technological progress over the last four decades.^[1]^[2] From the 1980s to the 1990s, the Chinese government successively launched the 863 Program and the "Strategy for Rejuvenating the Country through Science and Education", which greatly promoted the development of China's science and technological institutions.^[1]^[3] Governmental focus on prioritizing the advancement of science and technology in China is evident in its allocation of funds, investment in research, reform measures, and enhanced societal recognition of these fields.^{[according to whom?]} These actions undertaken by the Chinese government are seen^{[by whom?]} as crucial foundations for bolstering the nation's socioeconomic competitiveness and development, projecting its geopolitical influence, and elevating its national prestige and international reputation.

As per the Global Innovation Index in 2022, China was considered one of the most competitive in the world, ranking eleventh in the world, third in the Asia & Oceania region, and second for countries with a population of over 100 million.^[4] In 2024, China is still ranked 11th. ^[5]

^ ^a ^b "China's Science and Technology Development Summary". www.mfa.gov.cn. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
^ Yang, Dali (1990). "State and Technological Innovation in China: A Historical Overview, 1949-89". Asian Perspective. 14 (1): 91–112. ISSN 0258-9184. JSTOR 42703933.
^ Chen, E. Yegin (1995). "Technological Development and Cooperation in Greater China". Managerial and Decision Economics. 16 (5): 565–579. doi:10.1002/mde.4090160507. ISSN 0143-6570. JSTOR 2487968.
^ Cite error: The named reference :6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ World Intellectual Property Organization (2024). Global Innovation Index 2024. Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship. Geneva. p. 18. doi:10.34667/tind.50062. ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2. Retrieved October 22, 2024. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[:5-1] "China's Science and Technology Development Summary". www.mfa.gov.cn. Retrieved June 27, 2022.

[2] Yang, Dali (1990). "State and Technological Innovation in China: A Historical Overview, 1949-89". Asian Perspective. 14 (1): 91–112. ISSN 0258-9184. JSTOR 42703933.

[3] Chen, E. Yegin (1995). "Technological Development and Cooperation in Greater China". Managerial and Decision Economics. 16 (5): 565–579. doi:10.1002/mde.4090160507. ISSN 0143-6570. JSTOR 2487968.

[:6-4] Cite error: The named reference :6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[5] World Intellectual Property Organization (2024). Global Innovation Index 2024. Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship. Geneva. p. 18. doi:10.34667/tind.50062. ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2. Retrieved October 22, 2024. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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