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| Scimitar oryx | |
|---|---|
| |
| Adult at the Taronga Zoo | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | Bovidae |
| Subfamily: | Hippotraginae |
| Genus: | Oryx |
| Species: | O. dammah
|
| Binomial name | |
| Oryx dammah (Cretzschmar, 1827)
| |
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The scimitar oryx (Oryx dammah), also known as the scimitar-horned oryx and the Sahara oryx, is an Oryx species that was once widespread across North Africa and parts of West Africa and Central Africa. In 2000, it was declared extinct in the wild on the IUCN Red List, but in 2023 it was downlisted to endangered, with a reintroduced population in Chad.[1] This particular oryx is adapted to harsh desert conditions and can survive for months or even years without drinking water. A grazing animal, it derives most of its daily moisture intake from plants.
The decline of the scimitar oryx population began as a result of climate change during the Neolithic period, and later it was hunted extensively for its horns. Today, it is bred in captivity in special reserves in Tunisia, Morocco, and Senegal, and on private exotic animal ranches in the Texas Hill Country, United States. In 2016, a reintroduction program was launched and currently a small herd has been successfully reintroduced in Chad.[2]
The scimitar oryx was the emblem of the ancient Egyptian Oryx nome and today is the animal symbol of the Sahara Conservation Fund.
- ^ a b c IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Oryx dammah". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15568A197393805. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T15568A197393805.en. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
- ^ "EAD successfully reintroduces 25 Scimitar Horned Oryx in Chad". Archived from the original on 2016-04-25.