Selim I

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Selim I
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
16th century miniature of Selim I by Nakkaş Osman
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Padishah)
Reign	24 April 1512 – 22 September 1520
Predecessor	Bayezid II
Successor	Suleiman I
Ottoman caliph (Amir al-Mu'minin)
Reign	22 January 1517 – 22 September 1520
Predecessor	Al-Mutawakkil III (Abbasid caliph)
Successor	Suleiman I
Prince-Governor of Trebizond Sanjak
Reign	1487–1510[1]
Born	(1470-10-10)10 October 1470 Amasya, Ottoman Empire
Died	22 September 1520(1520-09-22) (aged 49) Çorlu, Ottoman Empire
Burial	Yavuz Selim Mosque, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
Consorts	Hafsa Hatun Ayşe Hatun
Issue Among others	Hatice Sultan Hafize Sultan Beyhan Sultan Fatma Sultan Suleiman I Şah Sultan Üveys Pasha (ill.)
Names سليم شاه بن بايزيد خان Selīm şāh bin Bāyezīd Ḫān[2]
Dynasty	Ottoman
Father	Bayezid II
Mother	Gülbahar Hatun
Religion	Sunni Islam
Tughra

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Selim I (Ottoman Turkish: سليم اول; Turkish: I. Selim; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute^[3] (Turkish: Yavuz Sultan Selim), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520.^[4] Despite lasting only eight years, his reign is notable for the enormous expansion of the Empire, particularly his conquest between 1516 and 1517 of the entire Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, which included all of the Levant, Hejaz, Tihamah and Egypt itself. On the eve of his death in 1520, the Ottoman Empire spanned about 3.4 million km² (1.3 million sq mi), having grown by seventy percent during Selim's reign.^[4]

Selim's conquest of the Middle Eastern heartlands of the Muslim world, and particularly his assumption of the role of guardian of the pilgrimage routes to Mecca and Medina, established the Ottoman Empire as the pre-eminent Muslim state. His conquests dramatically shifted the empire's geographical and cultural center of gravity away from the Balkans and toward the Middle East. By the eighteenth century, Selim's conquest of the Mamluk Sultanate had come to be romanticized as the moment when the Ottomans seized leadership over the rest of the Muslim world, and consequently Selim is popularly remembered as the first legitimate Ottoman Caliph, although stories of an official transfer of the caliphal office from the Mamluk Abbasid dynasty to the Ottomans were a later invention.^[5]