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Shenyang
沈阳市 | |
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Shenyang Skyline Zhongshan Square Dazheng Hall of Mukden Palace Mukden Incident Museum Aerial view of Mukden Palace | |
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.png) Location of Shenyang within Liaoning | |
  Shenyang Location of the city center within Liaoning  Shenyang Shenyang (Eastern China)  Shenyang Shenyang (China) | |
| Coordinates (Shenhe): 41°48′09″N 123°25′41″E / 41.80250°N 123.42806°E | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Liaoning |
| Municipal seat | Hunnan District |
| County-level divisions | 13 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sub-provincial city |
| • Body | Shenyang Municipal People's Congress |
| • CCP Secretary | Zhang Lei |
| • Congress Chairman | Fu Zhongwei |
| • Mayor | Wang Xinwei |
| • CPPCC Chairman | Han Dongtai |
| Area | |
| 12,869 km2 (4,969 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 3,658.2 km2 (1,412.4 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 4,222.2 km2 (1,630.2 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 55 m (180 ft) |
| Population (2020)[2] | |
| 9,070,093 | |
| • Density | 700/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 7,885,142 |
| • Urban density | 2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 8,192,848 |
| • Metro density | 1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi) |
| GDP[3] | |
| • Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city | |
| • Per capita |
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| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 110000 |
| Area code | 24 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-LN-01 |
| License plate prefixes | 辽A |
| Climate | Dwa |
| Website | www |
| Symbols | |
| Flower | Rosa rugosa |
| Tree | Pinus tabuliformis |
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| Shenyang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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.svg) "Shenyang" in simplified (top) and traditional (bottom) Chinese characters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 "Mukden" in Manchu script | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 沈阳 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 瀋陽 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | north bank of the Shen River | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Mukden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 盛京 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Shèngjīng | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Postal | Mukden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Prosperous [capital] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Manchu name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manchu script | ᠰᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᡠᡴ᠋ᡩᡝᠨ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Romanization | simiyan/mukden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shenyang[c] is a sub-provincial city in China and the provincial capital of Liaoning province. It is the province's most populous city with a population of 9,070,093 as of the 2020 census,[5] also making it the largest city in Northeast China by urban population, and the second-largest by metropolitan population (behind Harbin).[6] The Shenyang metropolitan area is one of the major megalopolises in China, with a population of over 23 million. The city's administrative region includes the ten metropolitan districts, the county-level city of Xinmin, and the counties of Kangping and Faku.
Shenyang has been controlled by numerous different states and peoples during its history. In the 14th century, the city came under the control of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), for whom it served as an important military stronghold. The 1621 Battle of Shen-Liao resulted in Shenyang briefly serving as the capital of the Jurchen Later Jin dynasty, the direct predecessor of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912).[7] The 1905 Battle of Mukden took place south of Shenyang as part of the Russo-Japanese War. The subsequent Japanese victory allowed its annexation of the region west of the old city and the increase of Japanese influence in Shenyang. In 1931, the Mukden incident led to the Japanese invasion and occupation of the rest of Northeast China, and the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, Shenyang remained a stronghold of the Kuomintang until its capture by the Communists in 1948 following the Liaoshen campaign.
Together with its surrounding cities, Shenyang is an important industrial center in China,[8] and serves as the transportation and commercial hub of China's northeast—particularly involved in links with Japan, Russia, and Korea.[9] A center of heavy industry in China since the 1930s, and the spearhead of the Chinese central government's Northeast Area Revitalization Plan,[10] the city has been diversifying its industry, including expanding into the service sector. Growing industries include software, automotive and electronics. Shenyang is also a major city for scientific research and education in Northeast China. As of 2023[update], it was listed among the top 125 cities by scientific output in the world, as tracked by the Nature Index.[11] The city is home to several major universities, notably Northeastern University and Liaoning University, listed as prestigious universities in the Double First-Class Construction.
- ^ 行政区划 [Administrative division] (in Chinese). Liaoning People's Government. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018. 截至2016年底，辽宁省辖14个地级市（其中沈阳、大连为副省级城市
- ^ "Liaoning Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
- ^ 2017年沈阳市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 (in Chinese). Shenyang City People's Government. June 2018. Archived from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- ^ "Shenyang". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions-Liaoning". 2001. Archived from the original on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014..
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Ebrey2010pp220224was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ 陈海波：坚定不移朝着建设先进装备制造业基地目标加速前行 (in Chinese). Shenyang People's Government. 6 March 2013. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
- ^ 沈阳. Xinhua (in Chinese). 9 October 2012. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ^ 东北地区振兴规划 (in Chinese). China State Council. Archived from the original on 22 August 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
- ^ "Leading 200 science cities 2023". Nature Index. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
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