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Shia Islamism is the usage of Shia Islam in politics. Most study and reporting on Islamism has been focused on Sunni Islamist movements.[note 1] Shia Islamism, a previously very small ideology, gained in popularity after the Iranian Revolution led by Ruhollah Khomeini, whose Shia Islamist policies became known as Khomeinism.[2][3] However, there are also Shia Islamist movements outside of Khomeinism, such as the Islamic Dawa Party of Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and the Sadrist Movement of Muqtada al-Sadr.[1]
Though a minority of the world Muslim community, Twelver Shias form the majority of the population in the countries of Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, Azerbaijan,[4] half the Muslims in Lebanon, and substantial minorities in Afghanistan, India, Kuwait, Pakistan, Qatar, Syria, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.[5]
Islamism in general has been defined as a religious revivalist movement for a return to the original texts and the inspiration of the original believers of Islam, but one which requires Islam to be a "political system".[6][7][8][9]
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Valbjørn-POMEPSwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p. 2
- ^ Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p. 168
- ^ Samadov, Bahruz (18 July 2022). "Will new Azerbaijani Islamist movement share the fate of its predecessors?". Eurasia Net. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ^ "Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism". BBC News. 4 January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ^ Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p. viii
- ^ Megoran, Nick (2009). "Theocracy". International Encyclopedia of Human Geography. pp. 223–228. doi:10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00125-5. ISBN 978-0-08-044910-4.
- ^ Tibi, Bassam (March 2007). "The Totalitarianism of Jihadist Islamism and its Challenge to Europe and to Islam". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 8 (1): 35–54. doi:10.1080/14690760601121630.
- ^ Bale, Jeffrey M. (June 2009). "Islamism and Totalitarianism". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 10 (2): 73–96. doi:10.1080/14690760903371313.
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