Back الدستور السلونى ARZ Solónova ústava Czech Sistema de Solón Spanish قانون اساسی سولونی FA Szolóni alkotmány Hungarian Konstitusi Solon ID Riforma di Solone Italian Solons konstitusjon NB Solónova ústava SK சோலோனிய அரசியலமைப்பு Tamil
The Solonian constitution was created by Solon in the early 6th century BC.[1] At the time of Solon, the Athenian State was almost falling to pieces in consequence of dissensions between the parties into which the population was divided. Solon wanted to revise or abolish the older laws of Draco. He promulgated a code of laws embracing the whole of public and private life, the salutary effects[a] of which lasted long after the end of his constitution.
Under Solon's reforms, all debts were abolished and all debt-slaves were freed. The status of the hectemoroi (the "one-sixth workers"), who farmed in an early form of serfdom, was also abolished. These reforms were known as the Seisachtheia.[b] Solon's constitution reduced the power of the old aristocracy by making wealth rather than birth a criterion for holding political positions, a system called timokratia (timocracy). Citizens were also divided based on their land production: pentacosiomedimnoi, hippeis, zeugitae, and thetes.[2] The lower assembly was given the right to hear appeals, and Solon also created the higher assembly. Both of these were meant to decrease the power of the Areopagus, the aristocratic council. Despite the division between classes and citizens, Solon felt these class were connected as one. Solon felt that a disservice against even just one member of the society would indirectly be a disservice against every member of the society.[3] The only parts of Draconian constitution that Solon kept were the laws regarding homicide. The constitution was written as poetry, and as soon as it was introduced, Solon went into self-imposed exile for ten years so he would not be tempted to take power as a tyrant.
Religion
There was also a religious impact that played a role in the archaic city. Within the clans there was never a recovery of military impact, but religion had always influenced political potential. Generations beyond the years had gone on and religion was not forgotten as the advancement of the political system did.
James H. Oliver. (2003). The Solonian Constitution and a Consul of A.D. 149. Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 13(1), page 101.
- ^ Seyffert, Oskar (March 1901). "Solonian constitution". In Nettleship, Henry; Sandys, J. E. (eds.). A dictionary of classical antiquities : Mythology, religion, literature & art. A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, Mythology, Religion, Literature and Art from the German of Oskar Seyffert (6th ed.). London: Swan Sonnenschein. p. 595.
- ^ Plutarch (1914), Chapter 18, section 1.
- ^ Vlastos, Gregory (April 1946). "Solonian Justice". Classical Philology. 41 (2): 65–83. doi:10.1086/362929. ISSN 0009-837X.
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