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| Stork Temporal range: Early Oligocene to present
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| White stork (Ciconia ciconia) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Superorder: | Pelecanimorphae |
| Order: | Ciconiiformes Bonaparte, 1854[1] |
| Family: | Ciconiidae J. E. Gray, 1840[1] |
| Genera | |
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. They belong to the family Ciconiidae, and make up the order Ciconiiformes /sɪˈkoʊni.ɪfɔːrmiːz/. Ciconiiformes previously included a number of other families, such as herons and ibises, but those families have been moved to other orders.[2]
Storks dwell in many regions and tend to live in drier habitats than the closely related herons, spoonbills and ibises; they also lack the powder down that those groups use to clean off fish slime. Bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Many species are migratory. Most storks eat frogs, fish, insects, earthworms, small birds and small mammals. There are 20 living species of storks in six genera.
Various terms are used to refer to groups of storks,[3] two frequently used ones being a muster of storks and a phalanx of storks.
Storks tend to use soaring, gliding flight, which conserves energy. Soaring requires thermal air currents. Ottomar Anschütz's famous 1884 album of photographs of storks inspired the design of Otto Lilienthal's experimental gliders of the late nineteenth century. Storks are heavy, with wide wingspans: the marabou stork, with a wingspan of 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) and weight up to 8 kg (18 lb), joins the Andean condor in having the widest wingspan of all living land birds.
Their nests are often very large and may be used for many years. Some nests have been known to grow to over 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in diameter and about 3 metres (9.8 ft) in depth. All storks were once thought to be monogamous, but this is only partially true. While storks are generally socially monogamous, some species exhibit regular extra-pair breeding.[4]
Popular conceptions of storks' fidelity, serial monogamy, and doting parental care contribute to their prominence in mythology and culture, especially in western folklore as the deliverers of newborn humans.[5]
All 20 stork species have been assessed by the IUCN and carry a confident Red List status. However, the assessment for several species were based on incorrect assumptions and a general absence of sound information on stork habits.[6]
- ^ a b Brands, Sheila (14 August 2008). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Class Aves". Project: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
- ^ "Anastomus lamelligerus subsp. lamelligerus". www.gbif.org. Archived from the original on 2018-08-03. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
- ^ About the Wood Stork: Denizens of the Wetlands Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed on 13.12.2010
- ^ Turjeman, Sondra F.; Centeno-Cuadros, Alejandro; Eggers, Ute; Rotics, Shay; Blas, Julio; Fielder, Wolfgang; Kaatz, Michael; Jeltsch, Florian; Wikelski, Martin; Ran, Nathan (2016). "Extra-pair paternity in the socially monogamous white stork (Ciconia ciconia) is fairly common and independent of local density". Scientific Reports. 6: 27976. Bibcode:2016NatSR...627976T. doi:10.1038/srep27976. PMC 4916429. PMID 27328982.
- ^ Margolis, Marvin; Parker, Philip (1972). "The stork fable - some psychodynamic considerations". Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. 20 (3): 494–511. doi:10.1177/000306517202000304. PMID 4116100.
- ^ Gula, Jonah; Sundar, K. S. Gopi; Willows-Munro, Sandi; Downs, Colleen T. (2023). "The state of stork research globally: A systematic review". Biological Conservation. 280 (April 2023): 109969. Bibcode:2023BCons.28009969G. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2023.109969.