Back Restaurace Tchung-č’ Czech Tongzhi-Restauration German Restauración Tongzhi Spanish Restauration de Tongzhi French Restorasi Tongzhi ID Restaurazione Tongzhi Italian Tongzhi-restaurasjonen NB การฟื้นฟูถงจื้อ Thai Реставрація Тунчжи Ukrainian 同光中兴 Chinese
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The Tongzhi Restoration (simplified Chinese: 同治中兴; traditional Chinese: 同治中興; pinyin: Tóngzhì Zhōngxīng; Wade–Giles: T'ung-chih Chung-hsing; c. 1860–1874) was an attempt to arrest the dynastic decline of the Qing dynasty by restoring the traditional order. The harsh realities of the Opium Wars, the unequal treaties, and the mid-century mass uprisings of the Taiping Rebellion caused Qing officials to recognize the need to strengthen China. The Tongzhi Restoration was named for the Tongzhi Emperor (r. 1861–1875), and was engineered by the young emperor's mother, the Empress Dowager Cixi (1835–1908). The restoration, however, which applied "practical knowledge" while reaffirming the old mentality, was not a genuine program of modernization. Academics are divided as to whether the Tongzhi Restoration arrested the dynastic decline or merely delayed its inevitable occurrence.[1]
- ^ Jonathan D. Spence, The search for modern China (1990). pp 194-215.