Treaty of Breda (1650)

Treaty of Breda (1650)

Charles II of England, c. 1653
Signed	1 May 1650 (1650-05-01)
Location	Breda, Dutch Republic
Parties	Charles II; Kingdom of Scotland
Language	English

The Treaty of Breda (1650) was signed on 1 May 1650 between Charles II, exiled king of England, Scotland and Ireland, and the Scottish Covenanter government. Under its terms, they agreed to install Charles II as King of England as well as Scotland, while Charles undertook to establish a Presbyterian form for the Church of England, and guarantee the rights of the Church of Scotland.

The Scots had previously allied with English Royalists to restore Charles I to the throne in the 1648 Second English Civil War. Following their defeat, Charles was executed in January 1649, leading to the establishment of the Commonwealth of England. For various reasons, the Scots objected to the execution, and the Treaty of Breda led to the Anglo-Scottish War (1650–1652). This time, defeat meant Scotland was incorporated into the Commonwealth.

Although Scotland regained its independence after the 1660 Stuart Restoration, his experience of the alliance meant Charles II remained hostile to Presbyterianism throughout his reign,^[why?] and restored bishops to the Church of Scotland in 1662.^[1]