Ugadi

Explanatory note
	Hindu festival dates The Hindu calendar is lunisolar but most festival dates are specified using the lunar portion of the calendar. A lunar day is uniquely identified by three calendar elements: māsa (lunar month), pakṣa (lunar fortnight) and tithi (lunar day). Furthermore, when specifying the masa, one of two traditions are applicable, viz. amānta / pūrṇimānta. If a festival falls in the waning phase of the moon, these two traditions identify the same lunar day as falling in two different (but successive) masa. A lunar year is shorter than a solar year by about eleven days. As a result, most Hindu festivals occur on different days in successive years on the Gregorian calendar.
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Ugadi
Ugadi
	Ugadi Pachadi with puja tray
Also called	Samvatsaradi (Telugu new year), Ugadi (Kannada new year)
Observed by	Hindus in Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Goa
Type	Religious (Hindu), social, cultural
Celebrations	Muggu-Rangoli, visiting Temples, Feast with Bobbattu, Holige and Bevu Bella
Date	Chaitra Shukla Pratipada
2023 date	22 March (Wednesday)
2024 date	9 April (Tuesday)
Frequency	Annual
Related to	Gudi Padwa

Ugadi or Yugadi, also known as Samvatsarādi (meaning "beginning of the year"), is New Year's Day according to the Hindu calendar and is celebrated in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka.^[1]^[2] The cycle actually consists of 60 years, each year individually named. The first day of each year is called 'Ugadi'. The word Ugadi can be split into two: Uga means Course of Stars and Adi means Starting. It is festively observed in these regions on the first day of the Hindu lunisolar calendar month of Chaitra.^[3] This typically falls in late March or early April of the Gregorian calendar.^[3] It also falls during the Tamil month of either Panguni or Chithrai, sometimes on the day after Amavasya with 27th Nakshatra Revati. Ugadi day is pivoted on the first New Moon after March Equinox.

The day is observed by drawing colourful patterns on the floor called Muggulu/ Rangoli, mango leaf decorations on doors called torana, buying and giving gifts such as new clothes, giving charity to the poor, oil massages followed by special baths, preparing and sharing a special food called pachadi, and visiting Hindu temples.^[4]^[5] The pachadi is a notable festive food that combines all flavors – sweet, sour, salty, bitter, astringent and piquant. In Telugu and Kannada Hindu traditions, it is a symbolic reminder that one must expect all flavors of experiences in the coming new year and make the most of them.^[6] Followers of the Souramana calendar system observe Ugadi in Karnataka, when the sun transits into the Aries Constellation, which is also the festival of Baisakhi, and is locally known as Souramana Ugadi or Mesha Sankranti.^[7]

Ugadi has been an important and historic festival of the Hindus, with medieval texts and inscriptions recording major charitable donations to Hindu temples and community centers on this day.^[8] The same day is observed as a New Year by Hindus in many other parts of India, such as Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra, Goa and is a national public holiday in Mauritius.^{[citation needed]}

^ Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. p. 427. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
^ Karen-Marie Yust (2006). Nurturing Child and Adolescent Spirituality: Perspectives from the World's Religious Traditions. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 228–229. ISBN 978-0-7425-4463-5.
^ ^a ^b Roshen Dalal (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books. p. 427. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
^ Cite error: The named reference Jagannathan2005p77 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Jeaneane D. Fowler (1997). Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 72–73. ISBN 978-1-898723-60-8.
^ Cite error: The named reference narayanan18 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Ugadi and Astronomy". Poornaprajna Amateur Astronomers' Club. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
^ K.V. Raman (2003). Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi: A Study of Its History, Art and Architecture. Abhinav Publications. pp. 97–98. ISBN 978-81-7017-026-6.

[1] Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. p. 427. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.

[2] Karen-Marie Yust (2006). Nurturing Child and Adolescent Spirituality: Perspectives from the World's Religious Traditions. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 228–229. ISBN 978-0-7425-4463-5.

[dalal427-3] Roshen Dalal (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books. p. 427. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.

[Jagannathan2005p77-4] Cite error: The named reference Jagannathan2005p77 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Fowler1997p72-5] Jeaneane D. Fowler (1997). Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 72–73. ISBN 978-1-898723-60-8.

[narayanan18-6] Cite error: The named reference narayanan18 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[7] "Ugadi and Astronomy". Poornaprajna Amateur Astronomers' Club. Retrieved 1 April 2022.

[8] K.V. Raman (2003). Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi: A Study of Its History, Art and Architecture. Abhinav Publications. pp. 97–98. ISBN 978-81-7017-026-6.

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Hindu festival dates The Hindu calendar is lunisolar but most festival dates are specified using the lunar portion of the calendar. A lunar day is uniquely identified by three calendar elements: māsa (lunar month), pakṣa (lunar fortnight) and tithi (lunar day). Furthermore, when specifying the masa, one of two traditions are applicable, viz. amānta / pūrṇimānta. If a festival falls in the waning phase of the moon, these two traditions identify the same lunar day as falling in two different (but successive) masa. A lunar year is shorter than a solar year by about eleven days. As a result, most Hindu festivals occur on different days in successive years on the Gregorian calendar.
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