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The umiak, umialak, umiaq, umiac, oomiac, oomiak, ongiuk, or anyak[1] is a type of open skin boat, used by the Yupik and Inuit, and was originally found in all coastal areas from Siberia to Greenland.[2][3] First used in Thule times, it has traditionally been used in summer, for moving people and possessions to seasonal hunting grounds, and for hunting whales and walrus.[2][4] Although the umiak was usually propelled by oars (women) or paddles (men), sails—sometimes made from seal intestines—were also used, and, in the 20th century, outboard motors.[4][5][6] Because the umiak has no keel, the sails cannot be used for tacking.[7]
- ^ Dall, p. 563
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
caenwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Nancy Gates (November 2006). The Alaska Almanac: Facts about Alaska. Graphic Arts Center Publishing Co. pp. 216–. ISBN 978-0-88240-652-7.
- ^ a b Umiaks at the Canadian Museum of Civilization
- ^ Adney & Chappelle p.190
- ^ Adney & Chappelle p.179
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Petersen2003was invoked but never defined (see the help page).