A vulture fund is a hedge fund or private-equity fund that invests in debt considered to be very weak or in default, known as distressed debt.[2] Investors in the fund profit by buying debt at a discounted price on a secondary market and then using numerous methods to sell the debt for more than the purchasing price. Debtors include companies, countries, and individuals.
Vulture funds have had success in bringing attachment and recovery actions against sovereign debtor governments, usually settling with them before realizing the attachments in forced sales. Settlements typically are made at a discount in hard or local currency or in the form of new debt issuance. In some instances, such as those involving Peru and Argentina, such a seizure blocked payments to other creditors of the sovereign obligor.[3][4][5]