Wars of Castro

Wars of Castro
The city of Castro, on which the Wars of Castro centered.
Date 1641–44 (1st), 1646–49 (2nd) Location Castro, Italy Result Farnese defeat and the destruction of Castro
Belligerents
Papal States Duchy of Mantua	Duchy of Parma Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Modena and Reggio Republic of Venice
Commanders and leaders
Pope Urban VIII Pope Innocent X Antonio Barberini Fabrizio Savelli[nb 1] Luigi Mattei[nb 2] Achille d'Étampes de Valençay[nb 3] Cornelio Malvasia[nb 4]	Odoardo Farnese Ranuccio II Farnese Mattias de' Medici[nb 5] Raimondo Montecuccoli[nb 6]

The Wars of Castro were a series of conflicts during the mid-17th century revolving around the ancient city of Castro (located in present-day Lazio, Italy), which eventually resulted in the city's destruction on 2 September 1649. The conflict was a result of a power struggle between the papacy – represented by members of two deeply entrenched Roman families and their popes, the Barberini and Pope Urban VIII and the Pamphili and Pope Innocent X – and the Farnese dukes of Parma, who controlled Castro and its surrounding territories as the Duchy of Castro.
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