Xiliang (official)

Xiliang
Xiliang
錫良
	Portrait of Xiliang as Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces
2nd Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces
	In office; February 9, 1909 – April 20, 1911
Monarch	Xuantong Emperor
Preceded by	Xu Shichang
Succeeded by	Zhao Erxun
90th Viceroy of Yun-Gui
	In office; May 1907 – February 1909
Monarchs	Guangxu Emperor; Xuantong Emperor
Preceded by	Cen Chunxuan
Succeeded by	Li Jingxi
93rd Viceroy of Sichuan
	In office; April 1903 – May 1907
Monarch	Guangxu Emperor
Preceded by	Cen Chunxuan
Succeeded by	Zhao Erfeng
Personal details
Born	1853; Outer Mongolia
Died	1917 (aged 63–64)
Nationality	Sinicized Buryat Mongol
Military service
Allegiance	Qing dynasty
Branch/service	Imperial Chinese Army
Years of service	1894, 1900-1901

Xiliang^[a] (Chinese: 錫良; pinyin: Xīliáng; Wade–Giles: Hsi-liang; 1853 – 1917) was a Chinese official of Mongol heritage who served as the Viceroy of several provinces during the late Qing Dynasty. Xiliang was a Qing loyalist who supported moderate reforms and strongly opposed Western imperialism in China. He enthusiastically supported the Self-Strengthening Movement and the New Policies, but he opposed the spread of European culture and was sympathetic to the Boxer Rebellion. His efforts at reform saw mixed results. While generally praised by his superiors, Xiliang was also hampered by opposing factions in the Imperial Court and intervention by Western powers. His provincial administrations occasionally provoked popular unrest and accusations of corruption. During the final years of the Qing, Xiliang became an advocate of constitutional government. He ultimately failed to change Imperial policy in time to prevent the 1911 Revolution and retired from public life after the dynasty fell.

^ Edward J. M. Rhoads (2001). Manchus & Han: ethnic relations and political power in late Qing and early republican China, 1861–1928 (reprint, illustrated ed.). University of Washington Press. pp. 56–57. ISBN 9780295804125. Archived from the original on January 5, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2012. Manchu men had abandoned their original polysyllabic personal names infavor of Han-style disyllabic names; they had adopted the Han practice of choosing characters with auspicious meanings for the names; and they had assigned names on a generational basis... Except among some Hanjun such as the two Zhao brothers, bannermen still did not, by and large, use their family name but called themselves only by their personal name—for example, Yikuang, Ronglu, Gangyi, Duanfang, Xiliang, and Tieliang. In this respect, most Manchus remained conspicuously different from Han.

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[1] Edward J. M. Rhoads (2001). Manchus & Han: ethnic relations and political power in late Qing and early republican China, 1861–1928 (reprint, illustrated ed.). University of Washington Press. pp. 56–57. ISBN 9780295804125. Archived from the original on January 5, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2012. Manchu men had abandoned their original polysyllabic personal names infavor of Han-style disyllabic names; they had adopted the Han practice of choosing characters with auspicious meanings for the names; and they had assigned names on a generational basis... Except among some Hanjun such as the two Zhao brothers, bannermen still did not, by and large, use their family name but called themselves only by their personal name—for example, Yikuang, Ronglu, Gangyi, Duanfang, Xiliang, and Tieliang. In this respect, most Manchus remained conspicuously different from Han.

[a]