| Valley carpenter bee | |
|---|---|
| |
| Female Xylocopa sonorina | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Apidae |
| Genus: | Xylocopa |
| Species: | X. sonorina
|
| Binomial name | |
| Xylocopa sonorina Smith, 1874
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Xylocopa varipuncta Patton, 1879 | |
Xylocopa sonorina, the valley carpenter bee or Hawaiian carpenter bee,[2] is a species of carpenter bee found from western Texas to northern California,[3] and the eastern Pacific islands.[4] Females are black while males are golden-brown with green eyes.
- ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0".
- ^ Gerling, D. (1982) Nesting biology and flower relationships of Xylocopa sonorina Smith in Hawaii (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 58:336-351
- ^ Waller, Gordon D.; Vaissiere, Bernard E.; Moffett, Joseph O.; Martin, Joseph H. (1985-06-01). "Comparison of Carpenter Bees (Xylocopa varipuncta Patton) (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) and Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as Pollinators of Male-sterile Cotton in Cages". Journal of Economic Entomology. 78 (3): 558–561. doi:10.1093/jee/78.3.558. ISSN 0022-0493.
- ^ Hurd, Jr., Paul (1958). "The carpenter bees of the eastern Pacific oceanic islands (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. Allen Press. 31 (4): 249–255.(subscription required)