Fengtian Yiyun Tuicheng Shouzheng Wenchen, Lord Specially Advanced, Grand Master for Splendid Happiness, Supreme Pillar of State, and Grand Preceptor and concurrently Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince, Minister of Personnel, and Grand Secretary of the Hall of Central Extreme (奉天翊運推誠守正文臣
特進光祿大夫上柱國太師
兼太子太師吏部尚書中極殿大學士)
Junior Historiography Compiler of the Hanlin Academy (翰林院編修)
Right Secretariat and Right Admonisher of the Household Administration of the Heir Apparent, in charge of Director of Studies of the Imperial University (詹事府右春坊右贊善領國子監司業)
Right Secretariat and Right Companion of the Household Administration of the Heir Apparent, and concurrently Reader-in-waiting at the Prince of Yu's Mansion (詹事府右春坊右中允兼裕王府講讀)
Right Secretariat and Right Advisor of the Household Administration of the Heir Apparent, and concurrently Hanlin Academician Expositor-in-waiting (詹事府右春坊右諭德兼翰林院侍講學士)
Right Vice Minister of Rites and concurrently Chancellor of the Hanlin Academy (禮部右侍郎兼翰林院學士)
Left Vice Minister of Personnel and concurrently Grand Secretary of the East Hall (吏部左侍郎兼東閣大學士)
Junior Guardian, and concurrently Grand Guardian of the Crown Prince, Minister of Rites, and Grand Secretary of the Hall of Military Glory (少保兼太子太保禮部尚書武英殿大學士)
Pillar of State and Junior Guardian, and concurrently Grand Mentor of the Crown Prince, Minister of Rites, and Grand Secretary of the Hall of Military Glory (柱國少保兼太子太傅禮部尚書武英殿大學士)
Pillar of State and Junior Mentor, and concurrently Grand Mentor of the Crown Prince, Minister of Personnel, and Grand Secretary of the Hall of Developmental Extreme (柱國少傅兼太子太傅吏部尚書建極殿大學士)
Pillar of State and Junior Mentor, and concurrently Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince, Minister of Personnel, and Grand Secretary of the Hall of Developmental Extreme (柱國少傅兼太子太師吏部尚書建極殿大學士)
Pillar of State and Junior Preceptor, and concurrently Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince, Minister of Personnel, and Grand Secretary of the Hall of Developmental Extreme (柱國少師兼太子太師吏部尚書建極殿大學士)
Pillar of State and Junior Preceptor, and concurrently Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince, Minister of Personnel, and Grand Secretary of the Hall of Central Extreme (柱國少師兼太子太師吏部尚書中極殿大學士)
Left Pillar of State and Grand Mentor, and concurrently Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince, Minister of Personnel, and Grand Secretary of the Hall of Central Extreme (左柱國太傅兼太子太師吏部尚書中極殿大學士)
Left Pillar of State and Grand Preceptor, and concurrently Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince, Minister of Personnel, and Grand Secretary of the Hall of Central Extreme (左柱國太師兼太子太師吏部尚書中極殿大學士)
Supreme Pillar of State and Grand Preceptor, and concurrently Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince, Minister of Personnel, and Grand Secretary of the Hall of Central Extreme (上柱國太師兼太子太師吏部尚書中極殿大學士)
Zhang Juzheng (26 May 1525 – 9 July 1582), courtesy nameShuda, art nameTaiyue, also known as Zhang Jiangling, was a prominent Grand Secretary during the reigns of Ming emperors Longqing and Wanli. In 1547, he passed the highest level of official examinations and was granted the rank of jinshi. He then served at the Hanlin Academy. In 1567, he was appointed as the Grand Secretary to the Longqing Emperor, and upon the ascension of the Wanli Emperor in 1572, he became the head of the Grand Secretaries.
During the early years of the Wanli Emperor's reign, Zhang Juzheng played a crucial role as the emperor's mentor and de facto ruler of China due to the emperor's immaturity. His decisive foreign and economic policies led to one of the most successful periods in the Ming history.[1] Influenced by the Mongol raids of the 1650s, Zhang Juzheng aimed to "enrich the country and strengthen the army" through legalistic methods rather than Confucian principles.[2] He played a key role in centralizing the administration, limiting various privileges, and revising land tax exemptions.[1] However, after Zhang's death in 1582, many of his reforms and policies were reversed, and in 1584 his family was stripped of their accumulated property and wealth.[1] It was not until more than half a century later, just before the fall of the Ming dynasty, that he was finally rehabilitated.
^ abc"Zhang Juzheng". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
