CFA frank

CFA frank (prantsuse keeles: franc CFA) , Aafrika Finantsühenduse Frank, algselt Prantsuse Aafrika Kolooniate Frank on kahe valuuta ühine nimi, Lääne-Aafrika CFA frank, mida kasutatakse kaheksas Lääne-Aafrika riigis, ja Kesk-Aafrika CFA frank, mida kasutatakse kuues Kesk-Aafrika riigis. ^[1] Kuigi need kaks CFA franki on eraldiseisvad, on need alati olnud pariteedid. ISO valuutakoodid on XAF Kesk-Aafrika CFA frangi jaoks ja XOF Lääne-Aafrika CFA frangi jaoks. 22. detsembril 2019 teatati, et Lääne-Aafrika frank reformitakse ja asendatakse iseseisva valuutaga, mille nimeks saab Eco. ^[2]

Mõlemal CFA frangil on fikseeritud vahetuskurss euro suhtes: 1 € = 655,957 F.CFA ja liikmesriigid deponeerisid poole oma välisvaluutareservidest Prantsuse riigikassasse. ^[3] Valuutat on kritiseeritud Aafrika liikmesriikide suveräänsuse piiramise tõttu, kuna see annab nende rahapoliitika peaaegu täielikult Euroopa Keskpanga kätte. Teised väidavad, et CFA "aitab stabiliseerida frangi tsooni liikmesriikide valuutasid ning hõlbustab oluliselt ekspordi- ja impordivoogu Prantsusmaa ja liikmesriikide vahel". ^[4]

2020. aasta mais nõustus Prantsuse Rahvusassamblee lõpetama Prantsusmaa seotuse Lääne-Aafrika CFA frangiga. Lääne-Aafrika CFA-franki nimetatakse lähitulevikus eeldatavasti ümber Ecoks. ^[5] ^[6]

↑ Nzaou-Kongo, Aubin (2020). "International Law and Monetary Sovereignty. The Current Problems of the International Mastery of the CFA Franc and the Crisis of Sovereign Equality". African Review of Law and Critical Thinking. 1 (1): 25–61. DOI:10.6084/m9.figshare.12808835.v3. Vaadatud 5. detsembril 2020.
↑ "West Africa renames CFA franc but keeps it pegged to euro". Reuters. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 22.12.2019. Vaadatud 22.12.2019.
↑ "A strong currency like the CFA franc makes exports from the CFA-franc zone much more costly than they would ordinarily be and as a result economic growth suffers accordingly. Since most of the countries that use the currency are poor, mostly agricultural economies, this has put a stranglehold on their trade and made them overly dependent upon continuing, privileged access to French and, though them, European markets. That this effectively recreates a quasi-colonial trading relationship between France and its former African colonies that benefits France mightily has not been lost on observers. - See more at: https://web.archive.org/web/20230808003918/http://afkinsider.com/41946/forex-africa-african-euro/#sthash.bAiuUVxB.dpuf", FOREX Africa: The CFA Franc aka The African Euro, By Jeffrey Cavanaugh AFKI Original Published: 12 February 2014, 02:11pm, https://web.archive.org/web/20230808003918/http://afkinsider.com/41946/forex-africa-african-euro/#sthash.bAiuUVxB.dpuf
↑ Economic Integration and Development in Africa, Henry Kyambalesa, Mathurin C. Houngnikpo, p. 88
↑ Anonym. "France officially announces the end of the CFA franc in West Africa - France 24 | tellerreport.com". www.tellerreport.com (inglise). Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 21. november 2020. Vaadatud 30. mail 2021.
↑ Konkobo, Lamine (30. august 2017). "Africa's 'colonial currency' debate" (Briti inglise). Vaadatud 21. novembril 2019.

[2020_nzaou_kongo-1] Nzaou-Kongo, Aubin (2020). "International Law and Monetary Sovereignty. The Current Problems of the International Mastery of the CFA Franc and the Crisis of Sovereign Equality". African Review of Law and Critical Thinking. 1 (1): 25–61. DOI:10.6084/m9.figshare.12808835.v3. Vaadatud 5. detsembril 2020.

[2] "West Africa renames CFA franc but keeps it pegged to euro". Reuters. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 22.12.2019. Vaadatud 22.12.2019.

[:0-3] "A strong currency like the CFA franc makes exports from the CFA-franc zone much more costly than they would ordinarily be and as a result economic growth suffers accordingly. Since most of the countries that use the currency are poor, mostly agricultural economies, this has put a stranglehold on their trade and made them overly dependent upon continuing, privileged access to French and, though them, European markets. That this effectively recreates a quasi-colonial trading relationship between France and its former African colonies that benefits France mightily has not been lost on observers. - See more at: https://web.archive.org/web/20230808003918/http://afkinsider.com/41946/forex-africa-african-euro/#sthash.bAiuUVxB.dpuf", FOREX Africa: The CFA Franc aka The African Euro, By Jeffrey Cavanaugh AFKI Original Published: 12 February 2014, 02:11pm, https://web.archive.org/web/20230808003918/http://afkinsider.com/41946/forex-africa-african-euro/#sthash.bAiuUVxB.dpuf

[:1-4] Economic Integration and Development in Africa, Henry Kyambalesa, Mathurin C. Houngnikpo, p. 88

[:2-5] Anonym. "France officially announces the end of the CFA franc in West Africa - France 24 | tellerreport.com". www.tellerreport.com (inglise). Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 21. november 2020. Vaadatud 30. mail 2021.

[:3-6] Konkobo, Lamine (30. august 2017). "Africa's 'colonial currency' debate" (Briti inglise). Vaadatud 21. novembril 2019.

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