Baskular a mula

Baskular a mulmula
Taksonomia
Pagarian:	Plantae
Klado:	Embryophytes
Klado:	Polysporangiophytes
Klado:	Tracheophytes; Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
Dagiti dibision; † Naungaw
	di agbukbukel a mulmula †Cooksonia; †Rhyniophyta; †Zosterophyllophyta; Lycopodiophyta; †Trimerophytophyta; Pteridophyta; †Progymnospermophyta; ; Superdibision Spermatophyta †Pteridospermatophyta; Pinophyta; Cycadophyta; Ginkgophyta; Gnetophyta; Angiospermae (Magnoliophyta); ;

Dagiti baskular a mula (manipud iti Latin vasculum: duct), ammo pay a kas tracheophytes (manipud iti kapada a termino iti Griego iti trachea), ket mangbukel ti dakkel a grupo dagiti mula (c. dagiti 308,312 nga ammo a naawat a sebbangan^[5]) a naipalawag a kas dagiti mulmula iti daga nga addaan nailignina a kulanit (ti xylem) para iti panagkondukto iti danum ken dagiti mineral iti amin a paset ti mula. Addanda pay iti maysa nga espesialisado a saan a nalignina a kulanit (ti phloem) tapno mangkondukto kadagiti produkto ti photosynthesis. Dagiti baskular a mula ket mairaman dagiti lycopodiopsida, equisetum, pako, gymnosperm (mairaman dagiti konipero) ken dagiti angiospermae (dagiti agsabsabong a mula). Dagiti sientipiko a nagan para iti grupo ket mairaman ti Tracheophyta,^[6]^[2]^:251 Tracheobionta^[7] ken Equisetopsida sensu lato.

^ Sinnott, E. W. 1935. Botany. Principles and Problems, 3d edition. McGraw-Hill, New York.
^ ^a ^b Cavalier-Smith, T. (1998), "A revised six-kingdom system of life" (PDF), Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 73 (3): 203–266, doi:10.1017/S0006323198005167, naiyarkibo manipud iti kasisigud (PDF) idi 2018-03-29, naala idi 2019-09-11
^ D. Edwards; Feehan, J. (1980). "Records of Cooksonia-type sporangia from late Wenlock strata in Ireland". Nature. 287 (5777): 41–42. doi:10.1038/287041a0.
^ Parfrey, Laura Wegener; Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Knoll, Andrew H.; Katz, Laura A. (Agosto 16, 2011). "Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (33): 13624–13629. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110633108. PMC 3158185. PMID 21810989.
^ Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
^ Abercrombie, Hickman & Johnson. 1966. A Dictionary of Biology. (Penguin Books)
^ "ITIS Standard Report Page: Tracheobionta". Naala idi Septiembre 20, 2013.

[1] Sinnott, E. W. 1935. Botany. Principles and Problems, 3d edition. McGraw-Hill, New York.

[cav-2] Cavalier-Smith, T. (1998), "A revised six-kingdom system of life" (PDF), Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 73 (3): 203–266, doi:10.1017/S0006323198005167, naiyarkibo manipud iti kasisigud (PDF) idi 2018-03-29, naala idi 2019-09-11

[Edwards1980-3] D. Edwards; Feehan, J. (1980). "Records of Cooksonia-type sporangia from late Wenlock strata in Ireland". Nature. 287 (5777): 41–42. doi:10.1038/287041a0.

[Parfrey2011-4] Parfrey, Laura Wegener; Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Knoll, Andrew H.; Katz, Laura A. (Agosto 16, 2011). "Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (33): 13624–13629. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110633108. PMC 3158185. PMID 21810989.

[Christenhusz-Byng2016-5] Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.

[6] Abercrombie, Hickman & Johnson. 1966. A Dictionary of Biology. (Penguin Books)

[itistrach-7] "ITIS Standard Report Page: Tracheobionta". Naala idi Septiembre 20, 2013.

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