Back Акамбашь AB Keubeue ACE Bubalus bubalis AN جاموس الماء Arabic جاموس الماء ARZ Bubalus bubalis AST Гамущ AV Ayadol (Bubalus bubalis) AVK Asiya camışı AZ جامیشلار AZB
| Kebo | |
|---|---|
| |
| Kebo wadon lan gudèlé | |
Cumbon
| |
Klasifikasi ngèlmiah 
| |
| Karajan: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Chordata |
| Klas: | Mammalia |
| Famili: | Bovidae |
| Subfamili: | Bovinae |
| Génus: | Bubalus |
| Spésies: | B. arnee |
| Jeneng binomial | |
| Bubalus arnee (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| Subspésies | |
| |
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| Sebaraning kebo ing sajagat nalika 2004 | |
Kebo, maésa (mésa, mingsa), munding utawa kebo cumbon iku kéwan saka famili Bovidae kang asli Asiah Kidul, Asiah Kidul-wétan, lan Cina. Dinané iki, kéwan iki uga bisa diprangguli ing Éropa, Ostrali, Amérika Kidul, lan sawenèh nagara ing Afrikah.[1] Kebo alas utawa danu (Bubalus arnee arnee), kéwan asli Asiah Kidul-wétan, dianggep spésies kang séjé, nanging dinuga minangka leluriné (ancestor) kebo-kebo cumbon (domestic) lumrahé.[2]
Manéka warna jinis kebo cumbon bisa katitik saka badan wadhag lan solahé – kebo kali (Bubalus arnee bubalis) tinemu ing Asiah Kidul tekan Balkan, Mesir, lan Itali, lan kebo rawa (Bubalus arnee carabanesis), tinemu ing Assam uga Asiah Kidul-wétan tekan Lembah Yangtze ing Cina.[1][3] Asalé jinis kebo-kebo cumbon iki isih dadi rembug ing panalitèn, sanadyan wis ana kajian filogènètik kang nélakaké yèn kebo rawa bokmanawa asalé saka Cina lan dicumbonaké (domesticated) watara 4.000 taun kapungkur, déné kebo kali bokmanawa asalé saka Indhi lan dicumbonaké watara 5.000 taun kapungkur.[4] Kebo cumbon dadi kéwan dol-dolan ing Kabudayan Lembah Indhus tekan Mésopotamiah, saiki dunungé nagara Irak, nalika taun 2500 SM déning Meluhha.[5] Cap kang dienggo déning cariking ratu ing Akkadhi mahyakaké pangurbaning kebo.[6]
Saorané dinané iki ana watara 130 yuta kebo cumbon, lan sangsaya akèh wong kang gumantung kebo cumbon tinimbang sato cumbon liyané.[7] Kebo cumbon mligi dienggo ngluku sawah, déné puhané sugih lemak lan protèin katimbang sapi puhan (dairy cattle). Grombolan gedhé kebo dikukuhaké minangka kéwan umbaran ing alam Ostrali iring lor nalika abad ping 19, lan grombrolan cilik ing Niu Géniah, Tunis, lan Argèntinah iring lor.[1] Gegrombolan umbaran (feral herds) uga ana ing New Britain, New Ireland, Irian Jaya, Niu Géniah, Colombia, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, lan Uruguay.[8]
- ↑ a b c Cockrill, W. R. (1977). The water buffalo (PDF). Rome: Animal Production and Health Series No. 4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Diarsip saka sing asli (PDF) ing 2013-06-16. Dibukak ing 2017-08-08.
- ↑ Lau, C. H., Drinkwater, R. D., Yusoff, K., Tan, S. G., Hetzel, D. J. S. and Barker, J. S. F. (1998). Genetic diversity of Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): mitochondrial DNA D-loop and cytochrome b sequence variation. Animal Genetics 29(4): 253–264.
- ↑ Cockrill, W. R. (ed.) (1974). The husbandry and health of the domestic buffalo. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
- ↑ Yang, D. Y., Liu, L., Chen, X., Speller, C. F. (2008). Wild or domesticated: DNA analysis of ancient water buffalo remains from north China. Journal of Archaeological Science 35: 2778–2785.
- ↑ McIntosh, J. (2008). The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barabara.
- ↑ Khan, G., Church, S. K., Harding, R., Lunde, P., McIntosh, J., Stone, C. (2011). The First Civilizations in Contact: Mesopotamia and the Indus Archived 2019-04-03 at the Wayback Machine.. The Civilizations in Contact Project, Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Cambridge.
- ↑ Scherf, B. D. (2000). World watch list for domestic animal diversity. Third edition. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
- ↑ Long, J. L. (2003). Introduced Mammals of the World: Their History, Distribution and Influence. Csiro Publishing, Collingwood, Australia. ISBN 9780643099166