Mansa (gelaran)

Mansa adalah sebuah perkataan bahasa Mandinka yang bermaksud "penguasa", lalu ia boleh dianggap setaraf "sultan", "raja", atau "maharaja".^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Ia digunakan dalam Kerajaan Mali pada zaman Wangsa Keita, yang merangkumi Afrika Barat dari abad ke-15 hingga ke-13. Antara kuasa yang pemilik gelaran mansa punyai ialah untuk melaksanakan keadilan dan memonopoli dagangan, lebih-lebih lagi dalam emas.

Sundiata Keita orang yang pertama yang memperolehi gelaran ini yang diturunkan dalam keturunan Keita sepanjang abad ke-15. Antara mansa-mansa yang masyhur ialah puteranya Wali Keita dan Mansa Musa (Kankan Musa), dengan hajinya telah melakar jalan baru kepada Kerajaannya. Pewarisan Kerajaan Mali dicatatkan dalam catatan sejarawan Tunisia, ibn Khaldun berjudul Tārīkh al-Barbar (تاريخ البربر‎, "Sejarah Orang Barbar").

^ An Interview with Ibn Battuta, Kathleen Knoblock, Primary Source Fluency Activities: World Cultures (In Sub-Saharan Africa), pub. Shell Education 2007
^ Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354, by Ibn Battuta, London 2005, p. 324 ISBN 0-415-34473-5
^ Jansen, Jan (1998). "Hot Issues: The 1997 Kamabolon Ceremony in Kangaba (Mali)". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 31 (2): 253–278. JSTOR 221083. Unknown parameter |registration= ignored (bantuan) On page 256, Jan Jansen writes: “Mansa is generally translated as 'king,' 'ruler' or 'ancestor.' The Griaulians, however, often translate mansa as 'God,' 'the divine principle' or 'priest king,' although they never argue the choice for this translation, which has an enormous impact on their analysis of the Kamabolon ceremony.”
^ A Grammar of the Mandingo Language: With Vocabularies, by Robert Maxwell Macbrair, London 1873, p. 5.
^ Making America – A History of the United States, 5th edition, by Carol Berkin, Christopher Miller, Robert Cherny, James Gormly & Douglas Egerton, Boston 2011, p. 13 ISBN 978-0-618-47139-3

[1] An Interview with Ibn Battuta, Kathleen Knoblock, Primary Source Fluency Activities: World Cultures (In Sub-Saharan Africa), pub. Shell Education 2007

[2] Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354, by Ibn Battuta, London 2005, p. 324 ISBN 0-415-34473-5

[3] Jansen, Jan (1998). "Hot Issues: The 1997 Kamabolon Ceremony in Kangaba (Mali)". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 31 (2): 253–278. JSTOR 221083. Unknown parameter |registration= ignored (bantuan) On page 256, Jan Jansen writes: “Mansa is generally translated as 'king,' 'ruler' or 'ancestor.' The Griaulians, however, often translate mansa as 'God,' 'the divine principle' or 'priest king,' although they never argue the choice for this translation, which has an enormous impact on their analysis of the Kamabolon ceremony.”

[4] A Grammar of the Mandingo Language: With Vocabularies, by Robert Maxwell Macbrair, London 1873, p. 5.

[5] Making America – A History of the United States, 5th edition, by Carol Berkin, Christopher Miller, Robert Cherny, James Gormly & Douglas Egerton, Boston 2011, p. 13 ISBN 978-0-618-47139-3

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