Steroid

Steroid ialah sejenis sebatian organik dari jenis lipid terpenoid. Ia mempunyai dua peranan biologikal yang penting: sesetenganh steroid tertentu (seperti kolesterol) merupakan komponen utama membran plasma. Ada juga banyak jenis steroid yang berfungsi sebagai molekul pengisyarat yang mengaktifkan penerima hormon steroid dalam sel-sel.

Struktur teras steroid terdiri daripada tujuh belas atom karbon yang bergabung menjadi bentuk yang seakan-akan cincin yang bercantum: tiga gelungan enam-atom sikloheksana (gegelang A, B dan C di rajah yang bersebelahan) dan satu gegelang siklopentana (gegelung D). Jenis-jenis steroid bergantung kepada kelompok berfungsi yang bercantum pada gegelang asas ini serta keadaan oksidasi geglung tersebut. Steroid-steroid yang mempunyai kumpulan hidroksil di posisi ketika dan rerangka yang dihasilkan daripada kolestan dikenali sebagai sterol.^[2]^[3] Steroid-steroid juga boleh dipelbagaikan dengan ketaranya mengikut perubahan pada struktur gegelang mereka.

^ Moss GP, the Working Party of the IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (1989). "Nomenclature of steroids, recommendations 1989" (PDF). Pure & Appl. Chem. 61 (10): 1783–1822. doi:10.1351/pac198961101783. Also available with the same authors at Carlson P, Bull JR, Engel K, Fried J, Kircher HW, Loaning KL, Moss GP, Popják G, Uskokovic MR (Dec 1989). "IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN). The nomenclature of steroids. Recommendations 1989". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. 186 (3): 429–58. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15228.x. PMID 2606099.; Also available online at "The Nomenclature of Steroids". London, GBR: Queen Mary University of London. m/s. 3S-1.4. Dicapai pada 10 May 2014.
^ Moss GP, the Working Party of the IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (1989). "Nomenclature of steroids, recommendations 1989" (PDF). Pure & Appl. Chem. 61 (10): 1783–1822. doi:10.1351/pac198961101783. Also available with the same authors at Carlson P, Bull JR, Engel K, Fried J, Kircher HW, Loaning KL, Moss GP, Popják G, Uskokovic MR (Dec 1989). "IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN). The nomenclature of steroids. Recommendations 1989". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. 186 (3): 429–58. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15228.x. PMID 2606099.; Also available online at "The Nomenclature of Steroids". London, GBR: Queen Mary University of London. m/s. 3S-1.4. Dicapai pada 10 May 2014.
^ Also available in print at Hill, R.A.; Makin, H.L.J.; Kirk, D.N.; Murphy, G.M. (1991). Dictionary of Steroids. London, GBR: Chapman and Hall. m/s. xxx–lix. ISBN 0412270609. Dicapai pada 20 June 2015. Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (bantuan)

[IUPAC_steroids2-1] Moss GP, the Working Party of the IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (1989). "Nomenclature of steroids, recommendations 1989" (PDF). Pure & Appl. Chem. 61 (10): 1783–1822. doi:10.1351/pac198961101783. Also available with the same authors at Carlson P, Bull JR, Engel K, Fried J, Kircher HW, Loaning KL, Moss GP, Popják G, Uskokovic MR (Dec 1989). "IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN). The nomenclature of steroids. Recommendations 1989". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. 186 (3): 429–58. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15228.x. PMID 2606099.; Also available online at "The Nomenclature of Steroids". London, GBR: Queen Mary University of London. m/s. 3S-1.4. Dicapai pada 10 May 2014.

[IUPAC_steroids-2] Moss GP, the Working Party of the IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (1989). "Nomenclature of steroids, recommendations 1989" (PDF). Pure & Appl. Chem. 61 (10): 1783–1822. doi:10.1351/pac198961101783. Also available with the same authors at Carlson P, Bull JR, Engel K, Fried J, Kircher HW, Loaning KL, Moss GP, Popják G, Uskokovic MR (Dec 1989). "IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN). The nomenclature of steroids. Recommendations 1989". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. 186 (3): 429–58. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15228.x. PMID 2606099.; Also available online at "The Nomenclature of Steroids". London, GBR: Queen Mary University of London. m/s. 3S-1.4. Dicapai pada 10 May 2014.

[3] Also available in print at Hill, R.A.; Makin, H.L.J.; Kirk, D.N.; Murphy, G.M. (1991). Dictionary of Steroids. London, GBR: Chapman and Hall. m/s. xxx–lix. ISBN 0412270609. Dicapai pada 20 June 2015. Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (bantuan)

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