Muntele Sinai

Hartă
Muntele Sinai

Altitudine	2.287 m
Localizare	Egipt
Aparține de	Sinai mountain range[*][[Sinai mountain range \|]]
Coordonate	28°32′18″N 33°58′31″E ({{PAGENAME}}) / 28.5384°N 33.9752°E

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Muntele Sinai (arabă طُور سِينَاء, transliterat Ṭūr Sīnāʼ); arabă egipteană جَبَل مُوسَىجَبَل مُوسَى; Gabal Musa „Muntele lui Moise”, ebraică הר סיני Har Sinai), de asemenea, cunoscut sub numele de Muntele Horeb (în ebraică Har Horev), este un munte în Peninsula Sinai din Egipt, care este o posibilă localizare a biblicului Munte Sinai. Acesta din urmă este menționat de mai multe ori în Cartea Exodului și alte cărți ale Bibliei^[1], precum și în Coran^[2]. Potrivit tradițiilor biblice evreiești, creștine și islamice, Muntele Sinai a fost locul unde Moise a primit Cele zece porunci.

Istoricii și arheologi moderni nu cunosc unde se află muntele Sinai de care povestește Biblia.^[3]

^ Joseph J. Hobbs, Mount Sinai (University of Texas Press) 1995, discusses Mount Sinai as geography, history, ethnology and religion.
^ „Tafsir Ibn Kathir”. qtafsir.com. 26 octombrie 2002. Accesat în 30 ianuarie 2015.
^ Meyers, Carol (1 martie 2018). Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Z.; Newsom, Carol A.; Perkins, Pheme, ed. The New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version (ed. Fifth). Oxford University Press. pp. 81–83. ISBN 978-0-19-027605-8. HISTORICAL CONTEXT The diverse materials in Exodus are situated within a story line describing the departure of a group of oppressed people from Egypt to a sacred mountain in Sinai where they enter into a covenant with the God they believed rescued them; then, at that God's direction, they construct a portable shrine for their deity before continuing their journey. The historicity of that story has been questioned, partly because the literary strands comprising Exodus date from many centuries after the events they purport to describe. The events themselves, which involve the escape of a component of Pharaoh's workforce, the disruption of Egyptian agriculture, and the loss of many Egyptian lives, are not mentioned in Egyptian sources (although the Egyptians would not necessarily record such events). Similarly, the larger-than-life leader Moses is not mentioned in contemporaneous nonbiblical sources; and no trace of a large group of people moving across the Sinai Peninsula has been found by archaeological surveys or excavations. In addition, features of the story—such as the signs and wonders performed in Egypt, the exceedingly large number of people said to have left Egypt (see 12.37n.), and the huge quantities of precious metals (e.g., ca. 2,482 pounds of gold; see 38.24) used to construct the tabernacle and other ritual objects—defy credibility. Virtually none of the places mentioned in Exodus, including the holy mountain, can be identified with sites discovered in Sinai or with names known from other sources (see 12.37n.; 19.1n.). Finally, the Exodus story culminates in the book of Joshua, with the conquest of the land of Israel; here too the archaeological record does not corroborate the main biblical narrative.

[1] Joseph J. Hobbs, Mount Sinai (University of Texas Press) 1995, discusses Mount Sinai as geography, history, ethnology and religion.

[2] „Tafsir Ibn Kathir”. qtafsir.com. 26 octombrie 2002. Accesat în 30 ianuarie 2015.

[3] Meyers, Carol (1 martie 2018). Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Z.; Newsom, Carol A.; Perkins, Pheme, ed. The New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version (ed. Fifth). Oxford University Press. pp. 81–83. ISBN 978-0-19-027605-8. HISTORICAL CONTEXT The diverse materials in Exodus are situated within a story line describing the departure of a group of oppressed people from Egypt to a sacred mountain in Sinai where they enter into a covenant with the God they believed rescued them; then, at that God's direction, they construct a portable shrine for their deity before continuing their journey. The historicity of that story has been questioned, partly because the literary strands comprising Exodus date from many centuries after the events they purport to describe. The events themselves, which involve the escape of a component of Pharaoh's workforce, the disruption of Egyptian agriculture, and the loss of many Egyptian lives, are not mentioned in Egyptian sources (although the Egyptians would not necessarily record such events). Similarly, the larger-than-life leader Moses is not mentioned in contemporaneous nonbiblical sources; and no trace of a large group of people moving across the Sinai Peninsula has been found by archaeological surveys or excavations. In addition, features of the story—such as the signs and wonders performed in Egypt, the exceedingly large number of people said to have left Egypt (see 12.37n.), and the huge quantities of precious metals (e.g., ca. 2,482 pounds of gold; see 38.24) used to construct the tabernacle and other ritual objects—defy credibility. Virtually none of the places mentioned in Exodus, including the holy mountain, can be identified with sites discovered in Sinai or with names known from other sources (see 12.37n.; 19.1n.). Finally, the Exodus story culminates in the book of Joshua, with the conquest of the land of Israel; here too the archaeological record does not corroborate the main biblical narrative.

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