Panama

Coordinates: 9°N 80°W / 9°N 80°W / 9; -80

Republic o Panama República de Panamá (Spaingie)
Banner Coat o airms
Motto: "Pro Mundi Beneficio" "For the Benefit o the Warld"
Anthem: Himno Istmeño  (Spaingie) Hime o the Isthmus
Caipital and largest city	Panama Ceety 8°58′N 79°32′W / 8.967°N 79.533°W / 8.967; -79.533
Offeecial leids	Spaingie
Ethnic groups	65% Mestizo 12.3% Native Panamanians 9.2% Afro-Panamanian 6.8% Mulatto 6.7% White [1]
Demonym(s)	Panamanian
Govrenment	Unitar presidential constitutional republic
• Preses	José Raúl Mulino
• Vice Preses	vacant
Legislatur	Naitional Assembly
Unthirldom/Separation
• frae Spain	28 November 1821
• frae Colombie	3 November 1903
Aurie
• Total	74,177.3 km2 (28,640.0 sq mi)[2]
• Water (%)	2.9
Population
• November 2016 estimate	4,058,374[3]
• 2023 census	4,064,780
• Density	53.9/km2 (139.6/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2016 estimate
• Total	$87.373 billion[4]
• Per capita	$23,024[4]
GDP (nominal)	2016 estimate
• Tot	$55,122 billion[4] (78)
• Per capita	$13,654[4] (52)
Gini (2012)	42.7[5] medium
HDI (2016)	0.788[6] heich · 60th
Currency	Balboa (PAB) Unitit States dollar (USD)
Time zone	UTC−5 (EST)
Drivin side	right
Cawin code	+507
ISO 3166 code	PA
Internet TLD	.pa

Panama, offeecially the Republic o Panama is the soothrenmaist kintra in Central Americae an in turn North Americae. Situatit on the isthmus connectin North an Sooth Americae, it is bordered bi Costa Rica tae the wast, Colombie tae the sootheast, the Caribbean tae the north an the Paceefic Ocean tae the sooth. The caipital is Panama Ceety.

Panama wis inhabitit bi indigenous tribes afore Spaingie colonists arrived in the 16t century. It brak awey frae Spain in 1821 an jynt the Republic o Gran Colombia, a union o Nueva Granada, Ecuador, an Venezuela. Efter Gran Colombia dissolved in 1831, Panama an Nueva Granada eventually becam the Republic o Colombie. Wi the backing o the Unitit States, Panama secedit frae Colombie in 1903, allouin the construction o the Panama Canaul tae be completit bi the US Army Corps of Engineers atween 1904 an 1914. The 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties led tae the transfer o the Canaul frae the Unitit States tae Panama on 31 December 1999.^[7]

Revenue frae canaul towes conteenas tae represent a signeeficant portion o Panama's GDP, awtho commerce, bankin, an tourism are major an growin sectors. In 2015 Panama rankit 60t in the warld in terms o the Human Development Index.^[8] Syne 2010, Panama haes been the seicont-maist competitive economy in Laitin Americae, accordin tae the Warld Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index. Kiverin aroond 40 percent o its laund aurie, Panama's jungles are hame tae an abundance o tropical plants an ainimals – some o them foond nawhaur ense on the planet.^[9] Panama is a foondin member o the Unitit Nations an ither internaitional organisations sic as OAS, LAIA, G77, WHO an NAM.

1. ↑ "Panama". CIA World Factbook. Archived frae the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
2. ↑ "Datos generales e históricos de la República de Panamá" (PDF) (in Spainish). INEC. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
3. ↑ File POP/1-1: Total population (both sexes combined) by major area, region and country, annually for 1950–2100 (thousands). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision (Report). United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Apryle 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} "World Economic Outlook Database: Panama". International Monetary Fund. October 2014. Retrieved 3 Januar 2015.
5. ↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 3 Januar 2015.
6. ↑ "2015 Human Development Report" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
7. ↑ "Panama". CIA – The World Factbook. Archived frae the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
8. ↑ UNDP Human Development Report 2015. Table 1: Human development index 2015 and its components (PDF). UNDP. p. 144. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 4 December 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
9. ↑ "Country profile: Panama". BBC News. 30 Juin 2010.