Cadmium

Cadmium, ₀₀Cd

Cadmium
Pronunciation	/ˈkædmiəm/ ​(KAD-mee-əm)
Appearance	silvery bluish-gray metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Cd)
	112.414(4)[1]
Cadmium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Zn ↑ Cd ↓ Hg silver ← cadmium → indium
Group	group 12
Period	period 5
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	594.22 K ​(321.07 °C, ​609.93 °F)
Boiling point	1040 K ​(767 °C, ​1413 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	8.65 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.996 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	6.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	99.87 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.020 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 530 583 654 745 867 1040
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−2, +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.69
Ionization energies	1st: 867.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1631.4 kJ/mol 3rd: 3616 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 151 pm
Covalent radius	144±9 pm
Van der Waals radius	158 pm
Spectral lines of cadmium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	2310 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	30.8 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	96.6 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	72.7 nΩ⋅m (at 22 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic[2]
Molar magnetic susceptibility	−19.8·10−6 cm3/mol[3]
Young's modulus	50 GPa
Shear modulus	19 GPa
Bulk modulus	42 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	2.0
Brinell hardness	203–220 MPa
CAS Number	7440-43-9
History
Discovery and first isolation	Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Named by	Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Isotopes of cadmium v e
Main isotopes[4] Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 106Cd 1.25% stable 107Cd synth 6.5 h ε 107Ag 108Cd 0.89% stable 109Cd synth 462.6 d ε 109Ag 110Cd 12.5% stable 111Cd 12.8% stable 112Cd 24.1% stable 113Cd 12.2% 7.7×1015 y β− 113In 113mCd synth 14.1 y β− 113In IT 113Cd 114Cd 28.8% stable 115Cd synth 53.46 h β− 115In 116Cd 7.51% 3.1×1019 y β−β− 116Sn
Category: Cadmium view talk edit | references

Cadmium is a metal. It is element 48 on the periodic table. Its symbol is Cd. Its atomic number is 48 and its atomic mass is 112.4. It is found in Group 12 on the periodic table.^[5]

1. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Cadmium". CIAAW. 2013.
2. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
3. ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
4. ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
5. ↑ The Element Cadmium: It's Elemental - The Element Cadmium, accessdate: February 19, 2016