Enver Pasha

Ismail Enver (Ottoman Turkish: اسماعيل انور) (November 23, 1881;^[1][2] in Istanbul - August 4, 1922 ; Tajikistan,later.), Was a Turkish^[3][4][5] commander in the Ottoman Empire. He was known to European powers as Enver Pasha (Turkish: Enver Paşa) or Enver Bey before he became the ministry of war in January 3rd of 1914. (Ottoman Turkish: انور پاشا or انور بیگ). As an Ottoman military officer he was a member of the Committee of Union and Progress and a leader of the Young Turk Revolution.

He was given the nickname "The Hero of Liberty" (Kahraman-i-Hurriyet). After The Young Turk Revolution. He was never the main leader of the Ottoman Empire However he was one of the only men of influence in the empire after 1913 Ottoman coup d'état. He reformed the army of the Ottoman Empire which made it way better than before by retiring 800 to 1300 old and clueless officers,^[6][7] Changing the style of the army to German since they were the strongest army in europe by far. He initiated the formation of an alliance with Germany for interest after the war, however despite this he wasn't Pro-German by any means.^{[8][9][10][11][12]} He led the Battle of Sarikamish (December 22, 1914 – January 17, 1915). Turks were so close to victory however because of some Commanders^[13] Turks missed an opportunity to capture Sarikamish while the city was almost empty.^{[14][15][16][17]}

He was also alleged for the Armenian genocide from 1915-1917. In 1918 after the war was over, he went to odessa in a german ship after death warrant was issued on him.^[18] He attempted multiple returns in anatolia and got rejected.^[19] He bringed weapons and supplies to anatolia to help Ankara government during war of independence.^[20][21][22]He also abandoned the idea after Battle of the Sakarya in 1921 was won. He attempted to go to Moscow 4 times however he failed everytime except for the fourth attempt in 1921. The point of going to moscow was to meet bolshevik leaders. He wanted to meet lenin too however he was rejected since he was not a Communist.^[23][24] He decided to join the Basmachis in August 1922 during the Russian Civil War and defeated Bolsheviks in most of the battles he fought in.^[25] He died of a machine gun fire from an Armenian soldier in Tajikistan Near Abıderya Village in Belcivan Province.^[26]

1. ↑ Cengiz, Halil Erdoğan. Enver Paşa'nın Anıları. İletişim Yayınları. p. 30. ISBN 978-9754588347.
2. ↑ Muammar, Kaylan. The Kemalists : Islamic revival and the fate of secular Turkey. p. 75.
3. ↑ ""Turkish political and military leader.."". Oxford reference.
4. ↑ Muammar, Kaylan. The Kemalists: Islamic Revival And The Fate Of Secular Turkey Hardcover –. p. 75.
5. ↑ Zurcher, Erik J. The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building: From the Ottoman Empire to Ataturk's Turkey. p. 313.
6. ↑ Erickson, Edward J. Amilitary History Of The Ottomans.
7. ↑ Özakman, Turgut. Diriliş 1915 çanakkale. p. 63.
8. ↑ Alkan, Necmettin. Savaşanların Gözünden Türk-Alman İttifakı. pp. 20, 45.
9. ↑ Cengizer, Altay. Adil Hafızanın Işığında Osmanlı'nın Son Savaşı. pp. 397, 349, 377, 378, 376, 329, 362, 367, 363, , 364, 365, 404, 417, 427, 428, 19, 20.
10. ↑ Ottoman Archieves. Summary: Enver Pasha denied he was Pro-German. HR.SYS.01333.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
11. ↑ Tuğaç, Hüsameddin. Bir Neslin Dramı. pp. 91, 92.
12. ↑ İnönü, İsmet. Hatıralar. Vol. 1. p. 147.
13. ↑ Mainly commanders of the X. Corp and IX. Corp not listening to Enver Pasha
14. ↑ Birinci Dünya Harbinde Türk Harbi III. Ordu Harekatı C.2/K.1. GENELKURMAY BASIMEVİ. 1993. p. 532.
15. ↑ Selahaddin, Yarbay. Kafkas Cephesinde 10. Kolordunun Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nın Başlangıcından Sarıkamış Muharebelerinin Sonuna Kadar Olan Harekat. pp. 112, 191, 189.
16. ↑ General, Nikolski (1990). Sarıkamış Harekatı. Genelkurmay Basım Evi. pp. 48, 49.
17. ↑ Çakmak, Fevzi. BİRİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞI’NDA DOĞU CEPHESİ HAREKÂTI. pp. 49, 53, 48, 54, 65.
18. ↑ Bardakçı, Murat. Enver. pp. 561, 562, 563.
19. ↑ İnan, Arı. Enver Paşa'nın Özel Mektupları. İMGE KİTABEVİ YAYINLARI. p. 6.
20. ↑ İnan, Arı. Enver Paşa'nın Özel Mektupları. p. 112.
21. ↑ Bardakçı, Murat. Enver. p. 550.
22. ↑ Orbay, Rauf. cehennem değirmeni siyası hatıralarım. p. 11.
23. ↑ Bardakçı, Murat. Enver. p. 228.
24. ↑ Yamauchi, Masayuki. Hoşnut olamamış adam: Enver Paşa. p. 39.
25. ↑ Read the entire page in order to see the victories.
26. ↑ Bardakçı, Murat. Naciyem, Ruhum, Efendim. p. 11.