Stephen Hawking

Stephen Hawking CH CBE FRS FRSA
Hawking at NASA's StarChild Learning Center, 1980s
Born	Stephen William Hawking (1942-01-08)8 January 1942 Oxford, England
Died	14 March 2018(2018-03-14) (aged 76) Cambridge, England
Resting place	Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London[1]
Nationality	British
Education	St Albans School, Hertfordshire
Alma mater	University of Oxford (BA) University of Cambridge (MA, PhD)
Known for	Hawking radiation A Brief History of Time Penrose–Hawking theorems Bekenstein–Hawking formula Hawking energy Gibbons–Hawking ansatz Gibbons–Hawking effect Gibbons–Hawking space Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet
Spouses	Jane Wilde ​ ​ (m. 1965; div. 1995)​ Elaine Mason ​ ​ (m. 1995; div. 2007)​
Children	3, including Lucy Hawking
Awards	Adams Prize (1966) Eddington Medal (1975) Maxwell Medal and Prize (1976) Heineman Prize (1976) Hughes Medal (1976) Albert Einstein Award (1978) Albert Einstein Medal (1979) RAS Gold Medal (1985) Dirac Medal (1987) Wolf Prize (1988) Prince of Asturias Award (1989) Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences (1992) Andrew Gemant Award (1998) Naylor Prize and Lectureship (1999) Lilienfeld Prize (1999) Albert Medal (1999) Copley Medal (2006) Presidential Medal of Freedom (2009) Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics (2012) BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2015)
Scientific career
Fields	General relativity Quantum gravity
Institutions	Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge California Institute of Technology Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Thesis	Properties of Expanding Universes (1966)
Doctoral advisor	Dennis Sciama[2]
Other academic advisors	Robert Berman[3]
Doctoral students	Bruce Allen[2][4] Raphael Bousso[2][5] Bernard Carr[2][6][7] Fay Dowker[2][8] Christophe Galfard[9] Gary Gibbons[2][7][10] Thomas Hertog[2][11] Raymond Laflamme[2][12] Don Page[2][13] Malcolm Perry[2][7][14] Marika Taylor[2][15] Alan Yuille Wu Zhongchao[2][16] 29 others[2]
Website	hawking.org.uk
Signature

Stephen William Hawking CH CBE FRS FRSA (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was a British theoretical physicist and mathematician. He was born in Oxford. In 1950, he moved to St Albans, Hertfordshire. He was one of the world's leading theoretical physicists.^[17] Hawking has written many science books for people who are not scientists.

Hawking was a professor of mathematics at the University of Cambridge (a position that Isaac Newton once had).^[18] He retired on 1 October 2009.^[19]

Hawking had a motor neurone disease, and because of that he could not move or talk very well. The illness worsened over the years and he was almost completely paralysed. He used a wheelchair to move, and an Intel computer to talk for him. He died on 14 March 2018.

1. ↑ Shirbon, Estelle (20 March 2018). "Stephen Hawking to Join Newton, Darwin in Final Resting Place". London: Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
2. ↑ ^{2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12} Stephen Hawking at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
3. ↑ Ferguson 2011, p. 29. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFerguson2011 (help)
4. ↑ Allen, Bruce (1983). Vacuum energy and general relativity (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
5. ↑ Bousso, Raphael (1997). Pair creation of black holes in cosmology (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
6. ↑ Carr, Bernard John (1976). Primordial black holes (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1 7.2} Carr, Bernard J.; Ellis, George F. R.; Gibbons, Gary W.; Hartle, James B.; Hertog, Thomas; Penrose, Roger; Perry, Malcolm J.; Thorne, Kip S. (2019). "Stephen William Hawking CH CBE. 8 January 1942—14 March 2018". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 66: 267–308. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2019.0001. ISSN 0080-4606. S2CID 131986323.
8. ↑ Dowker, Helen Fay (1991). Space-time wormholes (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
9. ↑ Galfard, Christophe Georges Gunnar Sven [in French] (2006). Black hole information & branes (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
10. ↑ Gibbons, Gary William (1973). Some aspects of gravitational radiation and gravitational collapse (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
11. ↑ Hertog, Thomas [in Dutch] (2002). The origin of inflation (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
12. ↑ Laflamme, Raymond (1988). Time and quantum cosmology (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
13. ↑ Page, Don Nelson (1976). Accretion into and emission from black holes (PhD thesis). California Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
14. ↑ Perry, Malcolm John (1978). Black holes and quantum mechanics (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
15. ↑ Taylor-Robinson, Marika Maxine (1998). Problems in M theory. lib.cam.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 894603647. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.625075. Archived from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
16. ↑ Wu, Zhongchao (1984). Cosmological models and the inflationary universe (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
17. ↑ A theoretical physicist is someone who uses information from experiments to make predictions about the world.
18. ↑ "Stephen Hawking's Universe". PBS Online. Archived from the original on 2008-06-09. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
19. ↑ "Stephen Hawking to give up prestigious Cambridge title".