Sol Invictus

Sol Invictus ("Batmayan Güneş"), Roma İmparatorluğu'nun resmi güneş tanrısı ve askerlerin koruyucusuydu. MS 25 Aralık 274'te, Roma imparatoru Aurelian, onu geleneksel Roma kültlerinin yanında devlet dini haline getirdi.^[1] Bilim adamları, yeni tanrının eski Latin Sol kültünün^[2] Elagabalus kültü ile beraber yeniden canlanması^[3] veya tamamen yeni olup olmadığı konusunda tartışma halindedirler.^[4] Tanrı, Aurelian'dan sonra imparatorlar tarafından tercih edildi ve I. Konstantin döneminin son üçüncü yarısına kadar sikkelerinde göründü.^[5]

^ Manfred Clauss, Die römischen Kaiser – 55 historische Portraits von Caesar bis Iustinian, 978-3-406-47288-6, p. 250
^ See S. E. Hijmans, "The sun that did not rise in the east", Babesch 71 (1996) p.115–150
^ See Gaston Halsberghe, "The cult of Sol Invictus", Leiden: Brill, 1972
^ As Hijmans states (p.115): "Scholars have consistently postulated a clear distinction between the Republican Sol Indiges and the Imperial Sol Invictus." and p.116 "We should keep in mind, however, that most scholars agree that this cult [Sol Indiges] was never important, and that it had disappeared altogether by the beginning of the second century AD"
^ Halsberghe, "The cult of Sol Invictus", p.155: "Up to the conversion of Constantine the Great, the cult of Deus Sol Invictus received the full support of the emperors. The many coins showing the sun god that these emperors struck provide official evidence of this." and p.169 "the custom of representing Deus Sol Invictus on coins came to an end in AD 323."

[auto-1] Manfred Clauss, Die römischen Kaiser – 55 historische Portraits von Caesar bis Iustinian, 978-3-406-47288-6, p. 250

[2] See S. E. Hijmans, "The sun that did not rise in the east", Babesch 71 (1996) p.115–150

[3] See Gaston Halsberghe, "The cult of Sol Invictus", Leiden: Brill, 1972

[4] As Hijmans states (p.115): "Scholars have consistently postulated a clear distinction between the Republican Sol Indiges and the Imperial Sol Invictus." and p.116 "We should keep in mind, however, that most scholars agree that this cult [Sol Indiges] was never important, and that it had disappeared altogether by the beginning of the second century AD"

[5] Halsberghe, "The cult of Sol Invictus", p.155: "Up to the conversion of Constantine the Great, the cult of Deus Sol Invictus received the full support of the emperors. The many coins showing the sun god that these emperors struck provide official evidence of this." and p.169 "the custom of representing Deus Sol Invictus on coins came to an end in AD 323."

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