Erkak

Erkak ( belgisi:♂) - urug'lanish jarayonida kattaroq urg'ochi gameta ^[1]^[2]^[3] yoki tuxumhujayra bilan birikadigan sperma deb nomlanuvchi gameta ( jinsiy hujayra) hosil qiluvchi organizmning jinsi.

Erkak organizmi ayolning kamida bitta tuxum hujayrasiga ega bo'lmasdan jinsiy yo'l bilan ko'paya olmaydi, lekin ba'zi organizmlar ham jinsiy, ham jinssiz yo'l bilan ko'payishi mumkin. ^[4] Aksariyat erkak sutemizuvchilar, shu jumladan erkak odamlarda Y xromosomasi mavjud ^[5]^[6] bu erkak jinsiy a'zolarini rivojlantirish uchun ko'proq miqdorda testosteron ishlab chiqarishni kodlaydi. Hamma turlar jinsni aniqlashning umumiy tizimiga ega emas. Ko'pgina hayvonlarda, shu jumladan odamlarda jins genetik jihatdan aniqlanadi; biroq, Cymothoa exigua kabi turlar yaqin joyda mavjud bo'lgan urg'ochilarning soniga qarab jinsini o'zgartiradi^[7].

Odamlarda erkak so'zi gender roli yoki gender o'ziga xosligining ijtimoiy ma'nosida jinsga murojaat qilish uchun ham ishlatilishi mumkin.

↑ Lehtonen, Jussi; Parker, Geoff A. (2014-12-01). "Gamete competition, gamete limitation, and the evolution of the two sexes" (en). Molecular Human Reproduction 20 (12): 1161–1168. doi:10.1093/molehr/gau068. ISSN 1360-9947. PMID 25323972. https://academic.oup.com/molehr/article/20/12/1161/1062990.
↑ Fusco, Giuseppe. The Biology of Reproduction (en). Cambridge University Press, 2019-10-10 — 111–113-bet. ISBN 978-1-108-49985-9.
↑ Hine, Robert. A Dictionary of Biology (en). Oxford University Press, 2015 — 354-bet. ISBN 978-0-19-871437-8.
↑ Lively, Curtis M. (2010-03-01). "A Review of Red Queen Models for the Persistence of Obligate Sexual Reproduction" (en). Journal of Heredity 101 (suppl_1): S13–S20. doi:10.1093/jhered/esq010. ISSN 0022-1503. PMID 20421322. https://academic.oup.com/jhered/article/101/suppl_1/S13/757712.
↑ Reference. „Y chromosome“ (en). Genetics Home Reference. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 22-iyul.
↑ „Y Chromosome“ (en). Genome.gov. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 7-sentyabr.
↑ Creighton. „The Most Horrifying Parasite: The Sex-Changing Tongue-Eating Cymothoa Exigua“. From Quarks to Quasars. 2013-yil 7-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 7-aprel.

[1] Lehtonen, Jussi; Parker, Geoff A. (2014-12-01). "Gamete competition, gamete limitation, and the evolution of the two sexes" (en). Molecular Human Reproduction 20 (12): 1161–1168. doi:10.1093/molehr/gau068. ISSN 1360-9947. PMID 25323972. https://academic.oup.com/molehr/article/20/12/1161/1062990.

[2] Fusco, Giuseppe. The Biology of Reproduction (en). Cambridge University Press, 2019-10-10 — 111–113-bet. ISBN 978-1-108-49985-9.

[3] Hine, Robert. A Dictionary of Biology (en). Oxford University Press, 2015 — 354-bet. ISBN 978-0-19-871437-8.

[4] Lively, Curtis M. (2010-03-01). "A Review of Red Queen Models for the Persistence of Obligate Sexual Reproduction" (en). Journal of Heredity 101 (suppl_1): S13–S20. doi:10.1093/jhered/esq010. ISSN 0022-1503. PMID 20421322. https://academic.oup.com/jhered/article/101/suppl_1/S13/757712.

[5] Reference. „Y chromosome“ (en). Genetics Home Reference. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 22-iyul.

[6] „Y Chromosome“ (en). Genome.gov. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 7-sentyabr.

[7] Creighton. „The Most Horrifying Parasite: The Sex-Changing Tongue-Eating Cymothoa Exigua“. From Quarks to Quasars. 2013-yil 7-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 7-aprel.

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