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Colchicine
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| Clinical data | |
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| Pronunciation | /ˈkɒltʃɪsiːn/ KOL-chiss-een |
| Trade names | Colcrys, Mitigare, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682711 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 45% |
| Protein binding | 35-44% |
| Metabolism | Metabolism, partly by CYP3A4 |
| Elimination half-life | 26.6-31.2 hours |
| Excretion | Feces (65%) |
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| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.544 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C22H25NO6 |
| Molar mass | 399.443 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Colchicine is a medication used to prevent and treat gout,[3][4] to treat familial Mediterranean fever[5] and Behçet's disease,[6] and to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction.[7] The American College of Rheumatology recommends colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or steroids in the treatment of gout.[8][9] Other uses for colchicine include the management of pericarditis.[10]
Colchicine is taken by mouth.[11] The injectable route of administration for colchicine can be toxic. In 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration removed all injectable colchicine from the US market.[12][13]
Colchicine has a narrow therapeutic index, so overdosing is a significant risk. Common side effects of colchicine include gastrointestinal upset, particularly at high doses.[14] Severe side effects may include pancytopenia (low blood cell counts) and rhabdomyolysis (damage to skeletal muscle), and the medication can be deadly in overdose.[11] Whether colchicine is safe for use during pregnancy is unclear, but its use during breastfeeding appears to be safe.[11][15] Colchicine works by decreasing inflammation via multiple mechanisms.[16]
Colchicine, in the form of the autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale), was used as early as 1500 BC to treat joint swelling.[17] It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1961.[2] It is available as a generic medication.[15] In 2022, it was the 197th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.[18][19]
Colchicine is used in plant breeding to induce polyploidy, in which the number of chromosomes in plant cells are doubled. This helps produce larger, hardier, faster-growing, and in general, more desirable plants than the normally diploid parents.[20]
- ^ "Health product highlights 2021: Annexes of products approved in 2021". Health Canada. 3 August 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Colchicine capsule". DailyMed. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ "Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ Schachner LA, Hansen RC (2011). Pediatric Dermatology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-7234-3665-2.
- ^ "Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ Khanna D, Fitzgerald JD, Khanna PP, Bae S, Singh MK, Neogi T, et al. (October 2012). "2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia". Arthritis Care & Research. 64 (10): 1431–1446. doi:10.1002/acr.21772. PMC 3683400. PMID 23024028.
- ^ Khanna D, Khanna PP, Fitzgerald JD, Singh MK, Bae S, Neogi T, et al. (October 2012). "2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 2: therapy and antiinflammatory prophylaxis of acute gouty arthritis". Arthritis Care & Research. 64 (10): 1447–1461. doi:10.1002/acr.21773. PMC 3662546. PMID 23024029.
- ^ Hutchison SJ (2009). Pericardial Diseases: Clinical Diagnostic Imaging Atlas with DVD. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-4160-5274-6.
- ^ a b c "Colchicine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ "FDA Enforcement Against Injectable Colchicine". The Rheumatologist. May 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Drug Products Containing Colchicine for Injection; Enforcement Action Dates". Federal Register. 8 February 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
- ^ "Colchicine for acute gout: updated information about dosing and drug interactions". National Prescribing Service, Australia. 14 May 2010. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ a b British national formulary: BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 1085–1086. ISBN 978-0-85711-338-2. "Colchicine". British national formulary. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Retrieved 26 January 2024. Available online in UK only
- ^ Dalbeth N, Lauterio TJ, Wolfe HR (October 2014). "Mechanism of action of colchicine in the treatment of gout". Clinical Therapeutics. 36 (10): 1465–1479. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.07.017. PMID 25151572.
- ^ Wall WJ (2015). The Search for Human Chromosomes: A History of Discovery. Springer. p. 88. ISBN 978-3-319-26336-6.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Colchicine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Griffithswas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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