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Meldonium

Not to be confused with medronate or minodronate.
For the similarly named reed organ occasionally referred to as a "melodeum", see Melodeon (organ).

Meldonium
Clinical data
Trade namesMildronate, Mildronāts
Other namesTHP, MET-8 Mildronāts or Quaterine
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • US: Unscheduled
Identifiers
  • 2-(2-Carboxylato-ethyl)-1,1,1-trimethylhydrazinium
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.110.108 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC6H14N2O2
Molar mass146.190 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Solubility in water>40 mg/mL mg/mL (20 °C)
  • C[N+](C)(C)NCCC(=O)[O-]
  • InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c1-8(2,3)7-5-4-6(9)10/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3
  • Key:PVBQYTCFVWZSJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Meldonium (INN; trade name Mildronate, among others) is a pharmaceutical developed in 1970 by Ivars Kalviņš at the USSR Latvia Institute of Organic Synthesis. It is now manufactured by the Latvian pharmaceutical company Grindeks and various generic producers. Primarily distributed in Eastern Europe, meldonium is used as an anti-ischemia medication.[1]

Meldonium is prescribed for cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic conditions due to its anti-ischaemic and cardioprotective effects, achieved by inhibiting β-oxidation and activating glycolysis. Athletes have used meldonium to enhance recovery and (controversially) performance, though these claims lack robust scientific support.[2]

Since 1 January 2016, meldonium has been listed as a banned substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).[3] It functions as a metabolic modulator, altering enzymatic reactions in the body. While some athletes, including Maria Sharapova, used meldonium before its ban, its effectiveness as a performance enhancer remains controversial. Numerous athletes have since been suspended or disqualified for its use.[4]

  1. ^ "Grindeks: We Believe that Meldonium Should not be Included in the List of Banned Substances in Sport". Grindeks. 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  2. ^ Schobersberger W, Dünnwald T, Gmeiner G, Blank C (January 2017). "Story behind meldonium-from pharmacology to performance enhancement: a narrative review". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 51 (1): 22–25. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096357. PMID 27465696.
  3. ^ "Prohibited List". World Anti-Doping Agency. 14 November 2013. Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  4. ^ "All About Meldonium, the Banned Drug Used by Sharapova". New York Times. Associated Press. 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.

Meldonium

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