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Phytomenadione
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Mephyton, Hemophyt, others |
| Other names | Vitamin K1, phytonadione, phylloquinone, (E)-phytonadione |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous |
| ATC code | |
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| Legal status | |
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| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
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| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.422 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C31H46O2 |
| Molar mass | 450.707 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Phytomenadione, also known as vitamin K1 or phylloquinone, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.[6][7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8]
It is used to treat certain bleeding disorders,[7] including warfarin overdose, vitamin K deficiency, and obstructive jaundice.[7] Use is typically recommended by mouth, intramuscular injection or injection under the skin.[7] When given by injection benefits are seen within two hours.[7] It is also recommended for preventing and treating vitamin K deficiency bleeding in infants.[7] Many countries in the world choose intramuscular injections in newborn to keep them safe from vitamin K deficiency bleeding. It is considered a safe treatment and saves many children from death and severe neurologic deficit every year.[9]
Side effects when given by injection may include pain at the site of injection.[7] Severe allergic reactions may occur when it is injected into a vein or muscle, but this has mainly happened when large doses of a certain type of supplement containing castor oil were given intravenously.[10] Use during pregnancy is considered safe,[11] use is also likely okay during breastfeeding.[12] It works by supplying a required component for making a number of blood clotting factors.[7] Food sources include green vegetables, vegetable oil, and some fruit.[13]
Phytomenadione was first isolated in 1939.[14] In 1943 Edward Doisy and Henrik Dam were given a Nobel Prize for its discovery.[14]
- ^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
- ^ "Notice: Multiple additions to the Prescription Drug List (PDL) [2023-08-30]". Health Canada. 26 October 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ https://pdf.hres.ca/dpd_pm/00071484.PDF [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Phytonadione tablet". DailyMed. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
- ^ "Phytonadione injection, emulsion". DailyMed. 12 July 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
- ^ Watson RR (2014). Diet and Exercise in Cystic Fibrosis. Academic Press. p. 187. ISBN 9780128005880. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Phytonadione". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
- ^ Furman L (27 July 2018). "American Academy of Pediatrics on vitamin k in the newborn period".
- ^ Riegert-Johnson DL, Volcheck GW (October 2002). "The incidence of anaphylaxis following intravenous phytonadione (vitamin K1): a 5-year retrospective review". Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 89 (4): 400–406. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62042-X. PMID 12392385.
- ^ Bailey B (February 2003). "Are there teratogenic risks associated with antidotes used in the acute management of poisoned pregnant women?". Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology. 67 (2): 133–140. doi:10.1002/bdra.10007. PMID 12769509.
- ^ "Phytonadione Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- ^ "Vitamin K". Office of Dietary Supplements. U.S. National Institutes of Health. 11 February 2016. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ^ a b Sneader W (2005). Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. p. 243. ISBN 9780471899792. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016.
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