Back Sidovudien AF زيدوفودين Arabic زیدوودین AZB জিডোভুডিন Bengali/Bangla Zidovudina Catalan Sidofwdin CY Zidovudin Danish Zidovudin German Zidovudino EO Zidovudina Spanish
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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Retrovir, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a687007 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous, rectal suppository |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Complete absorption, following first-pass metabolism systemic availability 75% (range 52 to 75%) |
| Protein binding | 30 to 38% |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Elimination half-life | 0.5 to 3 hours |
| Excretion | Kidney and Bile duct |
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| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.152.492 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C10H13N5O4 |
| Molar mass | 267.245 g·mol−1 |
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Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), was the first antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is generally recommended for use in combination with other antiretrovirals.[6] It may be used to prevent mother-to-child spread during birth or after a needlestick injury or other potential exposure.[6] It is sold both by itself and together as lamivudine/zidovudine and abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine.[6] It can be used by mouth or by slow injection into a vein.[6]
Common side effects include headaches, fever, and nausea.[6] Serious side effects include liver problems, muscle damage, and high blood lactate levels.[6] It is commonly used in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the fetus.[6] ZDV is of the nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class.[6] It works by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase that HIV uses to make DNA and therefore decreases replication of the virus.[6]
Zidovudine was first described in 1964.[7] It was resynthesized from a public-domain formula by Burroughs Wellcome.[8] It was approved in the United States in 1987 and was the first treatment for HIV.[6][9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] It is available as a generic medication.[6]
- ^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ^ "Retrovir 100mg Capsules – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). December 14, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
- ^ "Retrovir – zidovudine capsule Retrovir – zidovudine solution Retrovir – zidovudine injection, solution". DailyMed. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
- ^ "Active substance: Zidovudine" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. November 30, 2017.
- ^ "Zidovudine". PubChem Public Chemical Database. NCBI. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Zidovudine". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 505. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017.
- ^ Linda Marsa, 'Toxic Hope', Los Angeles Times, 20 June 1993
- ^ Reeves JD, Derdeyn CA (2007). Entry Inhibitors in HIV Therapy. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 179. ISBN 9783764377830.
- ^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.