Heyde's syndrome

Heyde's syndrome
Heyde's syndrome
	A stenotic aortic valve
Specialty	Cardiology, general surgery, Hematology
Symptoms	Aortic valve stenosis symptoms: Chest pain (angina) or tightness Shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying down Fatigue or weakness Irregular heartbeat or heart palpitations Dizziness or fainting episodes Gastrointestinal bleeding symptoms: Occult (hidden) or overt (visible) blood in the stool Black, tarry stools (melena) Blood in vomit (hematemesis) Fatigue or weakness due to chronic blood loss Anemia (low red blood cell count)
Complications	Gastrointestinal bleeding, Iron-deficiency anemia, Cardiovascular complications, Thromboembolic events, and Endocarditis.
Usual onset	Uncommon.
Duration	23.8±39 months.
Types	Aortic stenosis, gastrointestinal angiodysplasia, and acquired von Willebrand disorder.
Causes	Deficiency of high-molecular-weight multimers of von Willebrand factor.
Risk factors	Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and heart failure.
Diagnostic method	CBC, coagulation studies, metabolic panel, and test for fecal occult blood.
Differential diagnosis	Aortic stenosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and evidence that supports the presence of AVWS.
Prevention	Unknown.
Treatment	Aortic valve replacement, medical therapy, endoscopic interventions, and colonic surgery.
Medication	None.
Prognosis	Excellent in patients who undergo aortic valve replacement, which is both effective and often curative.
Frequency	7.5% of persons 75 years of age or older.
Deaths	29.16% (from 48 to 62 per 100,000) and 22.7% (from 3.7 to 4.54 per 100,000) from 2007 to 2014.

Heyde's syndrome is a syndrome of gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia in the presence of aortic stenosis.^[1]^[2]

It is named after Edward C. Heyde, MD, who first noted the association in 1958.^[3] It is caused by cleavage of Von Willebrand factor (vWF) due to high shear stress forces from aortic valvular stenosis. This results in Von Willebrand disease type IIA (acquired).^[4]^[5]

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