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The Kadam school (Tibetan: བཀའ་གདམས་པ་, Wylie: bka' gdams pa) of Tibetan Buddhism, or Kadampa was an 11th century Buddhist tradition founded by the great Bengali master Atiśa (982–1054) and his students including Dromtön (1005–1064), a Tibetan Buddhist lay master.[1] The Kadampa stressed compassion, pure discipline and study.[2] By the 15th century, Tsongkapa is credited with synthesizing and folding Kadampa lineages into the Gelug school.
The most evident teachings of that tradition were the graduated teachings on the Mahayana path. These special presentations became known as lojong (mind training) and lamrim (stages of the path).[3] Kadam masters like Atiśa also promoted the study of madhyamaka philosophy. According to Ronald M. Davidson, "Atiśa's coming to Tibet in 1042 was the threshold moment in the efflorescence of Buddhism and provided a stable foundation for monastic scholarship for the next thousand years."[4]
With the rise of new Tibetan Buddhist schools like Sakya and Gelug, Kadam ceased to exist as an independent school, and its monasteries, lineages and traditions were absorbed into all major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.[5] Because of this, Kadampa lineages remained strong long after the school disappeared.[2]
- ^ Silk, Jonathan A; von Hinüber, Oskar; Eltschinger, Vincent; Bowring, Richard; Radich, Michael (2015). Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism: Vol. II Lives, pp. 1145-1158. Brill.
- ^ a b Chokyi Dragpa (2015). Illuminating the Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva, Glossary. Simon & Schuster.
- ^ (Buswell 2014, p. 123)
- ^ Davidson, Ronald M. (2008). Tibetan Renaissance: Tantric Buddhism in the Rebirth of Tibetan Culture, p. 108. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
- ^ Van Schaik, Sam (2016). The Spirit of Tibetan Buddhism, p. 33. Yale University Press.